Labour force matrix of Pakistan 1987-88.

Sarmad, Khwaja ; Husain, Fazal

I. INTRODUCTION

Changes which have a direct bearing on the growth and composition of the country's labour force can be identified using a labour force matrix, which provides a detailed classification of the labour force. This paper reports the results of a mainly statistical exercise. It presents a Labour Force Matrix (LFM) of Pakistan for the year 1987-88 [Government of Pakistan (1989)] on the basis of the Labour Force Survey 1987-88 using the same classification as the LFM 1982-83 [see Cohen (1985)]. The use of a common classification enables to highlight some dynamic characteristics of the labour force during the period 1982-83 to 1987-88. On the basis of labour force trends during this period a LFM is estimated for the year 1992-93.

2. THE LABOUR FORCE MATRIX OF PAKISTAN 1987-88

The characteristic feature of the LFM is a four-way classification of the labour force according to activity, occupation, status and education, by rural and urban areas. Table 1 reports the labour force matrix for the year 1987-88, which following Cohen (1985) classifies the total number of workers in the labour force into 70 rows describing the location, status and education of workers, and 63 columns, which identify the economic sector of employment and occupation. The LFM (1987-88) has been compiled using the cross-tabulations reported in the Labour Force Survey for 1987-88 [Government of Pakistan (1989)]. The rows describe the location of the labour force according to rural and urban areas, the status of the workers by five types i.e., employers, employees, self-employed, family workers and unemployed, and seven educational levels i.e., below primary, primary, middle secondary, higher secondary, intermediate, degree and post-degree. The columns identify the labour force according to nine economic sectors i.e., agriculture, mining, manufacturing, electricity, construction, trade, transport, finance, and services, and seven occupation groups i.e., of professionals, administrative personnel, clerical workers, sales workers, service workers, agricultural and production workers.

In this form the LFM is a flexible tool which can be aggregated to various classifications reflecting the heterogeneity that exists in labour markets, and also to analyse the segmentation in labour markets around status categories. For example, Table 2 presents the aggregated form of the LFM in percentage form for the year 1987-88 with a division of the labour force into wage and non-wage labour. A subdivision into protected wage labour and unprotected wage labour can identify the vulnerable segments of the labour force. Table 3 presents a projected LFM for the year 1992-93 in percentage form which has been estimated on the basis of labour force trends during the period 1982-83 to 1987-88.

3. CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE LABOUR FORCE (1982-83-1987-88)

A comparison of the labour force matrices for 1982-83 and 1987-88 shows that changes in the sectoral distribution of the labour force during the Eighties are characterized by increased mobility of the labour force, a decline in the proportion of the total number of people employed in the agricultural sector, growth of employment in the non-commodity producing sectors and increasing importance of rural non-agricultural activities. The rate of labour absorption in the agriculture sector has not been high though non-agricultural employment in the rural areas has expanded significantly. This expansion and the relatively fast pace of growth of employment in the non-commodity producing sectors have played an important role in determining the trends in the country's labour market. In the urban areas employment growth is largely determined by changes in the non-commodity producing sectors. The increases in the labour force during the Eighties have been absorbed, primarily by the construction, transport and service sectors where a large majority of workers are not protected by labour legislation, which therefore, reflects the growth of the unprotected vulnerable segment of the labour force.

The proportion of the labour employed in the agriculture sector has declined from 51.7 percent in 1982-83 to 48.7 percent in 1987-88 though there has been a small increase in the number of agricultural workers. In this period the rate of labour absorption in the agriculture sector remained low which is reflected in the growth rate of agricultural employment of only 1.5 percent per annum as compared with the growth rate of the labour force of 2.7 percent per annum. Almost 34 percent of rural workers are employed in non-agricultural activities as compared with 30.8 in 1982-83, which represents an increase of 24 percent during the five years. Given a tightening of rural labour markets and rising real wages of agricultural workers the increase in the proportion of rural workers employed in non-agricultural activities is partly a reflection of an increasing diversification of the rural economy associated with higher levels of per capita income and consumption.

In industry, the rate of growth of labour absorption has increased by a little less than 5 percent per annum. But there has been a slight increase in the proportion of non-wage industrial labour, which shows the increasing importance of the small-scale non-wage sector. A similar conclusion can be drawn from the evidence of a slight decline in the proportion of urban industrial labour in the total and the rise of non-wage employment. The fastest growth of employment (6.2 percent) has been in the non-commodity producing sectors, especially in the construction and transport sectors, which have absorbed most of the increase in the employment during the Eighties.

Employment in the services sector, which is employment mainly in the public sector, has grown at a rate of almost 9 percent per annum since 1982, largely due to the rapid expansion of public expenditure and has led to a shift in the composition of the labour force in favour of salary earners. The number of urban employees in the service sectors has grown by 42 percent and almost half of the employees have higher secondary or above education. In the trade sector with a high proportion of self-employed and unprotected wage earners constituting a vulnerable section of the labour force having a very low educational achievement, there has been a modest increase in total employment of 3.1 percent per annum.

4. EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR FORCE

A number of significant changes have occurred in the educational attainments of the labour force during the period from 1982-83 to 1987-88, reflecting a high degree of market flexibility and sectoral mobility of educated workers. First, workers with little or no education have increased at a rate which is more than the average rate of growth of the labour force. As a result, such workers now make up 65.4 percent of the total labour force in the country as compared with 65.1 percent in 1982-83. Second, there has been a substantial decline in the number of highly educated workers in the agricultural, industrial and construction sectors. Third, the service sectors have increased rapidly, and within this sector the number of highly educated workers has increased at an even faster rate. The service sectors now account for the largest concentration of highly qualified persons in the economy. And fourth, employment in the service sectors has increased, in general, at a growth rate higher than the average leading to a high rate of absorption of even the poorly educated workers. This is in marked contrast to the changes that have occurred in the industrial labour force. Employment absorption has declined in the industrial sector for all categories of workers though the percentage decline is largest ]'or workers with intermediate and higher degrees. (1)

However, during the Eighties the problem of educated unemployment has become a cause for much concern. The proportion of unemployed educated labour in the total number of unemployed persons has increased from less than 43 percent in 1982-83 to almost 47.1 percent in 1987-88 while the rate of unemployment has declined from 3.9 percent to 3.2 percent during the same period. There is a positive relationship between educational attainment and the rate of unemployment. The lowest rate of unemployment of 2.6 percent is for workers with less than primary education. The rate of unemployment for workers with middle or higher secondary education is 6 percent, which is the same as the rate of unemployment for workers with intermediate education. Beyond this level of education the rate of unemployment declines to 3.8 percent for workers with degree education and to 1.9 percent for workers with post-degree education. The higher rate of unemployment for secondary and intermediate education suggests that market adjustment in response to the pressure of the educated job-seekers is slow, which is partly due to the dominance of a large informal sector.

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In this paper a LFM has been constructed for the year 1987-88 and estimates a projected LFM for the year 1992-93. A comparison of the LFM 1987-88 with the LFM 1982-83 shows that there has been a decline in the proportion of the workers employed in the agricultural sector, while non-agricultural activities in the rural areas have increased in importance. In the urban areas the contours of labour market growth are increasingly determined by the service sectors, which have absorbed most of the increases in the labour force. But this has been accompanied by the growth of the unprotected vulnerable segment of the labour force.

The educational composition of the labour force leaves much to be desired. Even more disturbing is the rise in the percentage of the educated unemployed and there is a positive relationship between educational attainment and the rate of unemployment. Part of the problem of educated unemployment is due to a mismatch between educational attainment of the new entrants to the labour force and the pattern of labour demand, which suggests that improvements are needed in the education and training system to enhance the employability of educated job-seekers.

Comments on "Labour Force Matrix of Pakistan 1987-88"

Given the title of the paper, one would expect a formal treatment of the compilation of the Labour Force Matrix (LFM) for Pakistan including the theoretical merits and demerits. However, the LFM for the year 1987-88 is simply presented with a reference stating that the table is "compiled using the cross-tabulations.... reported in the Labour Force Survey for 1987-88". Therefore, this lack of reference to methodological issues renders it impossible to gauge the quality of the matrix and its forecast for 1992-93. Consequently, I will turn to the main objective of this paper, which concentrates on the use of the LFM as a tool for analyzing labour market trends in the economy.

First of all, I would like to observe that in the discussion on labour market trends, the authors tend to utilize data which do not appear in the tables or are presented in a format which is not clear. Besides, it has been shown elsewhere [OECD (1971)] that the coefficients derived from the LFM for the purpose of manpower planning are inappropriate given the high level of aggregation of the data used.

Having said this, I would like to turn to some of the arguments which are brought forward by the authors to explain the trends observed from the LFM. However, the arguments are not supported by data or literature references. On the other hand, my comments are based on a study of the labour force by Andel and Havinga (1989) using data from the Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI), the Survey on Small and Household Manufacturing Industries (SHMI) and the Distributive Trade Survey (DTS). For each of the three surveys, 2 data sets have been used for the manufacturing sector for the years 1976-77 and 1983-84 and for distributive trade for the years 1975-76 and 1984-85. As the sectors covered by these surveys provide employment to a substantial proportion of the population working in non-agricultural activities, some inferences have been drawn on the employment absorption capacity and trends and issues regarding productive and gainful employment and income distribution.

For instance, the authors conjecture that "the tightening of rural labour markets and the increase in the proportion of rural workers employed in nonagricultural activities...", lead to higher levels of per capita income. However, we have observed sharply declining labour productivity in rural non-farm employment from 1975-76 to 1984-85 which, in turn, is significantly lower than that in urban informal employment. This result is contrary to their statement.

Secondly, their observation that labour absorption in the manufacturing sector increased by 5 percent per annum seems to be on the high side. The survey results indicate an increase of 3 percent per annum. More importantly, but not mentioned in the paper, is that the bulk of the absorption has taken place in the small-scale manufacturing sector where 40 percent of the employment is in sectors with declining productivity.

Thirdly, although we can confirm the growth rate of 3.1 percent per annum in the distributive trade sector, their related statement on vulnerability of employment in this sector is not in conformity with our findings. In contrast, an 8 to 9 percent annual increase in labour productivity is observed in this sector. Still, one prefers to see similar trends in other sectors of the economy, since the nature of this sector does prevent the creation of resource mobilization capacity and technological innovation.

Fourthly, their statement that educated job-seekers are unemployed due to search time and at the same time participate in economic activities cannot be correct. By definition, a person of 10 years of age and above, is considered employed if he/she works 15 hours or more during the last week for pay or family gain.

At this stage I would like to conclude, that the list of comments is not exhaustive. The labour market analysis presented in this paper lacks rigor and depth. Moreover, the level of aggregation of the LFM they use shows that the present format of LFM is an inappropriate tool to undertake detailed labour market analysis. Nonetheless, the LFM might prove an appropriate tool at a more disaggregated level, especially when used in conjuction with specific purpose surveys to explain the observed trends.

Ivo C. Havinga

Erasmus University, Rotterdam.

REFERENCES

Andel van den, W. A., and I. C. Havinga (1989) The Role of Informal Sector for Employment Promotion, Project on Improvement of National Accounts Statistics. Islamabad: Federal Bureau of Statistics/Hague: Institute of Social Studies.

OECD (1971) Manpower and Educational Planning, Paris.

REFERENCES

Cohen, S. I. (1985) The Labour Force Matrix of Pakistan: Selected Applications. The Pakistan Development Review 24 : 3 & 4 565-585.

Pakistan, Government of (1989) Labour Force Survey 1987-88. Islamabad" Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division.

(1) Developing countries including Pakistan have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for labour absorption, even when modern sector employment growth is only a fraction of total labour force growth. The urban and rural traditional or informal sectors are large with flexible wage rates and high elasticities of substitution between factors. These sectors have absorbed an increasing proportion of the additions to the labour force and have kept the open unemployment rate quite low. The full intensity of the unemployment problem in developing countries cannot be captured from the aggregate trends of labour supply and demand because in developing countries employment cannot be treated as a 'discrete' and 'homogenous' category, while the measure of labour market imbalance involves the division of the total population into three distinct categories of those not in the labour force, the employed and the unemployed. Thus, for an explanation of the observed rates of unemployment it may be necessary to focus on the microdynamics of labour market behaviour rather than on aggregate trends of labour supply and demand.

KHWAJA SARMAD and FAZAL HUSAIN *

* The authors are Chief of Research and Staff Economist at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economies, Islamabad.

Table 1
The Labour Force Matrix of Pakistan for 1987-88
(Status and Education by Activity and Occupation)

 Agriculture

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 44 89 622 89
 BPRIM. 4 5 71 39
 PRIM. 1 3 37 13
 MSEC. 2 4 56 12
 HSEC. 11 14 194 15
 INTE. 7 16 119 5
 DEGR. 9 32 120 4
 POST 10 14 25 1

SELF EMP 394 789 5521 789
 BPRIM. 32 42 631 342
 PRIM. 11 24 331 119
 MSEC. 21 35 500 109
 HSEC. 95 128 1718 131
 INTE. 65 145 1056 45
 DEGR. 84 287 1062 34
 POST 86 128 225 8

FAMILY WK 201 403 2819 403
 BPRIM. 16 21 322 175
 PRIM. 5 12 169 61
 MSEC. 11 18 255 55
 HSEC. 49 65 877 67
 INTE. 33 74 539 23
 DEGR. 43 147 542 17
 POST 44 65 115 4

EMPLOYEE 197 394 2761 394
 BPRIM. 16 21 315 171
 PRIM. 5 12 166 60
 MSEC. 10 17 250 54
 HSEC. 48 64 859 66
 INTE. 33 73 528 23
 DEGR. 42 144 531 17
 POST 43 64 112 4

UNEMP. 0 0 1445 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 662 0
 PRIM. 0 0 196 0
 MSEC. 0 0 208 0
 HSEC. 0 0 220 0
 INTE. 0 0 81 0
 DEGR. 0 0 62 0
 POST 0 0 16 0

 Agriculture

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 0 25019 889
 BPRIM. 0 18775 519
 PRIM. 0 2206 141
 MSEC. 0 2165 107
 HSEC. 0 1207 94
 INTE. 0 291 18
 DEGR. 0 167 8
 POST 0 208 2

SELF EMP 0 222042 7888
 BPRIM. 0 166624 4605
 PRIM. 0 19581 1253
 MSEC. 0 19212 951
 HSEC. 0 10714 834
 INTE. 0 2586 157
 DEGR. 0 1478 72
 POST 0 1847 17

FAMILY WK 0 113366 4027
 BPRIM. 0 85072 2351
 PRIM. 0 9997 640
 MSEC. 0 9809 485
 HSEC. 0 5470 426
 INTE. 0 1320 80
 DEGR. 0 755 37
 POST 0 943 8

EMPLOYEE 0 111021 3944
 BPRIM. 0 83312 2303
 PRIM. 0 9791 626
 MSEC. 0 9606 475
 HSEC. 0 5357 417
 INTE. 0 1293 78
 DEGR. 0 739 36
 POST 0 924 8

UNEMP. 0 56939 3611
 BPRIM. 0 26095 1655
 PRIM. 0 7710 489
 MSEC. 0 8199 520
 HSEC. 0 8683 551
 INTE. 0 3177 202
 DEGR. 0 2460 156
 POST 0 615 39

 Mining/Quarying

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 0 0 334 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 38 0
 PRIM. 0 0 20 0
 MSEC. 0 0 30 0
 HSEC. 0 0 104 0
 INTE. 0 0 64 0
 DEGR. 0 0 64 0
 POST 0 0 14 0

SELF EMP 0 0 334 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 38 0
 PRIM. 0 0 20 0
 MSEC. 0 0 30 0
 HSEC. 0 0 104 0
 INTE. 0 0 64 0
 DEGR. 0 0 64 0
 POST 0 0 14 0

FAMILY WK 0 0 334 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 38 0
 PRIM. 0 0 20 0
 MSEC. 0 0 30 0
 HSEC. 0 0 104 0
 INTE. 0 0 64 0
 DEGR. 0 0 64 0
 POST 0 0 14 0

EMPLOYEE 0 0 1003 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 115 0
 PRIM. 0 0 60 0
 MSEC. 0 0 91 0
 HSEC. 0 0 312 0
 INTE. 0 0 192 0
 DEGR. 0 0 193 0
 POST 0 0 41 0

UNEMP. 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

 Mining/Quarying

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 0 0 502
 BPRIM. 0 0 293
 PRIM. 0 0 80
 MSEC. 0 0 60
 HSEC. 0 0 53
 INTE. 0 0 10
 DEGR. 0 0 5
 POST 0 0 1

SELF EMP 0 0 502
 BPRIM. 0 0 293
 PRIM. 0 0 80
 MSEC. 0 0 60
 HSEC. 0 0 53
 INTE. 0 0 10
 DEGR. 0 0 5
 POST 0 0 1

FAMILY WK 0 0 502
 BPRIM. 0 0 293
 PRIM. 0 0 80
 MSEC. 0 0 60
 HSEC. 0 0 53
 INTE. 0 0 10
 DEGR. 0 0 5
 POST 0 0 1

EMPLOYEE 0 0 1505
 BPRIM. 0 0 879
 PRIM. 0 0 239
 MSEC. 0 0 181
 HSEC. 0 0 159
 INTE. 0 0 30
 DEGR. 0 0 14
 POST 0 0 3

UNEMP. 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

 Manufacturing

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 1086 1210 2543 716
 BPRIM. 88 64 291 311
 PRIM. 29 37 152 108
 MSEC. 57 53 230 99
 HSEC. 263 196 791 119
 INTE. 180 223 486 41
 DEGR. 232 440 489 31
 POST 236 196 104 8

SELF EMP 11220 12495 26264 7395
 BPRIM. 910 658 3001 3209
 PRIM. 303 384 1575 1117
 MSEC. 592 548 2377 1019
 HSEC. 2715 2028 8170 1229
 INTE. 1863 2302 5021 424
 DEGR. 2397 4548 5051 317
 POST 2440 2028 1070 79

FAMILY WK 4241 4723 9927 2795
 BPRIM. 344 249 1134 1213
 PRIM. 115 145 595 422
 MSEC. 224 207 898 385
 HSEC. 1026 766 3088 465
 INTE. 704 870 1898 160
 DEGR. 906 1719 1909 120
 POST 922 766 404 30

EMPLOYEE 20237 22537 47373 13338
 BPRIM. 1641 1186 5413 5789
 PRIM. 547 692 2840 2014
 MSEC. 1068 988 4287 1838
 HSEC. 4896 3657 14737 2218
 INTE. 3360 4152 9057 765
 DEGR. 4323 8204 9110 572
 POST 4402 3657 1929 143

UNEMP. 1083 0 401 522
 BPRIM. 497 0 184 239
 PRIM. 147 0 54 71
 MSEC. 156 0 58 75
 HSEC. 165 0 61 80
 INTE. 60 0 22 29
 DEGR. 47 0 17 23
 POST 12 0 4 6

 Manufacturing

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 815 49 54609
 BPRIM. 490 37 31883
 PRIM. 98 4 8672
 MSEC. 80 4 6581
 HSEC. 100 2 5777
 INTE. 23 1 1084
 DEGR. 15 0 497
 POST 7 0 115

SELF EMP 8415 510 564043
 BPRIM. 5066 383 329311
 PRIM. 1015 45 89573
 MSEC. 827 44 67970
 HSEC. 1036 25 59671
 INTE. 241 6 11197
 DEGR. 157 3 5137
 POST 73 4 1186

FAMILY WK 3181 193 213199
 BPRIM. 1915 145 124474
 PRIM. 384 17 33857
 MSEC. 313 17 25691
 HSEC. 392 9 22555
 INTE. 91 2 4232
 DEGR. 59 1 1942
 POST 28 2 448

EMPLOYEE 15178 920 1017373
 BPRIM. 9137 690 593982
 PRIM. 1831 81 161563
 MSEC. 1491 80 122598
 HSEC. 1869 44 107630
 INTE. 434 11 20195
 DEGR. 283 6 9266
 POST 132 8 2138

UNEMP. 522 0 72228
 BPRIM. 239 0 33102
 PRIM. 71 0 9780
 MSEC. 75 0 10401
 HSEC. 80 0 11015
 INTE. 29 0 4030
 DEGR. 23 0 3120
 POST 6 0 780

 Electricity/Gas/Water

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 163 118 340 15
 BPRIM. 13 6 39 6
 PRIM. 4 4 20 2
 MSEC. 9 5 31 2
 HSEC. 39 19 106 2
 INTE. 27 22 65 1
 DEGR. 35 43 65 1
 POST 35 19 14 0

SELF EMP 651 473 1361 59
 BPRIM. 53 25 156 26
 PRIM. 18 15 82 9
 MSEC. 34 21 123 8
 HSEC. 158 77 423 10
 INTE. 108 87 260 3
 DEGR. 139 172 262 3
 POST 142 77 55 1

FAMILY WK 244 179 510 22
 BPRIM. 20 9 58 10
 PRIM. 7 5 31 3
 MSEC. 13 8 46 3
 HSEC. 59 29 159 4
 INTE. 41 33 98 1
 DEGR. 52 65 98 1
 POST 53 29 21 0

EMPLOYEE 8301 6037 17356 755
 BPRIM. 673 318 1983 327
 PRIM. 224 185 1041 114
 MSEC. 438 265 1571 104
 HSEC. 2008 980 5399 125
 INTE. 1378 1112 3318 43
 DEGR. 1773 2198 3338 32
 POST 1805 980 707 8

UNEMP. 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

 Electricity/Gas/Water

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 30 15 991
 BPRIM. 18 11 579
 PRIM. 4 1 157
 MSEC. 3 1 119
 HSEC. 4 1 105
 INTE. 1 0 20
 DEGR. 1 0 9
 POST 0 0 2

SELF EMP 118 59 3965
 BPRIM. 71 44 2315
 PRIM. 14 5 630
 MSEC. 12 5 478
 HSEC. 15 3 420
 INTE. 3 1 79
 DEGR. 2 0 36
 POST 1 0 8

FAMILY WK 44 22 1487
 BPRIM. 27 17 868
 PRIM. 5 2 236
 MSEC. 4 2 179
 HSEC. 5 1 157
 INTE. 1 0 30
 DEGR. 1 0 14
 POST 0 0 3

EMPLOYEE 1509 755 50559
 BPRIM. 909 566 29519
 PRIM. 182 67 8029
 MSEC. 148 65 6093
 HSEC. 186 36 5349
 INTE. 43 9 1004
 DEGR. 28 5 460
 POST 13 6 106

UNEMP. 1083 0 5056
 BPRIM. 497 0 2317
 PRIM. 147 0 685
 MSEC. 156 0 728
 HSEC. 165 0 771
 INTE. 60 0 282
 DEGR. 47 0 218
 POST 12 0 55

 Construction

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 669 1152 669 37
 BPRIM. 54 61 76 16
 PRIM. 18 35 40 6
 MSEC. 35 51 61 5
 HSEC. 162 187 208 6
 INTE. 111 212 128 2
 DEGR. 143 419 129 2
 POST 145 187 27 0

SELF EMP 8235 14182 8235 457
 BPRIM. 668 746 941 199
 PRIM. 223 435 494 69
 MSEC. 435 622 745 63
 HSEC. 1992 2301 2562 76
 INTE. 1367 2612 1574 26
 DEGR. 1759 5163 1584 20
 POST 1791 2301 335 5

FAMILY WK 313 540 313 17
 BPRIM. 25 28 36 8
 PRIM. 8 17 19 3
 MSEC. 17 24 28 2
 HSEC. 76 88 98 3
 INTE. 52 99 60 1
 DEGR. 67 197 60 1
 POST 68 88 13 0

EMPLOYEE 5810 10006 5810 323
 BPRIM. 471 527 664 140
 PRIM. 157 307 348 49
 MSEC. 307 439 526 44
 HSEC. 1406 1624 1807 54
 INTE. 965 1843 1111 19
 DEGR. 1241 3643 1117 14
 POST 1264 1624 237 3

UNEMP. 0 0 401 522
 BPRIM. 0 0 184 239
 PRIM. 0 0 54 71
 MSEC. 0 0 58 75
 HSEC. 0 0 61 80
 INTE. 0 0 22 29
 DEGR. 0 0 17 23
 POST 0 0 4 6

 Construction

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 260 0 23965
 BPRIM. 157 0 13992
 PRIM. 31 0 3806
 MSEC. 26 0 2888
 HSEC. 32 0 2535
 INTE. 7 0 476
 DEGR. 5 0 218
 POST 2 0 50

SELF EMP 3202 0 295072
 BPRIM. 1928 0 172275
 PRIM. 386 0 46859
 MSEC. 315 0 35557
 HSEC. 394 0 31216
 INTE. 92 0 5857
 DEGR. 60 0 2687
 POST 28 0 620

FAMILY WK 122 0 11234
 BPRIM. 73 0 6559
 PRIM. 15 0 1784
 MSEC. 12 0 1354
 HSEC. 15 0 1188
 INTE. 3 0 223
 DEGR. 2 0 102
 POST 1 0 24

EMPLOYEE 2260 0 208198
 BPRIM. 1360 0 121554
 PRIM. 273 0 33063
 MSEC. 222 0 25089
 HSEC. 278 0 22026
 INTE. 65 0 4133
 DEGR. 42 0 1896
 POST 20 0 438

UNEMP. 0 0 86232
 BPRIM. 0 0 39520
 PRIM. 0 0 11676
 MSEC. 0 0 12417
 HSEC. 0 0 13150
 INTE. 0 0 4812
 DEGR. 0 0 3725
 POST 0 0 931

 Trade

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 172 201 660 67262
 BPRIM. 14 11 75 29191
 PRIM. 5 6 40 10156
 MSEC. 9 9 60 9268
 HSEC. 42 33 205 11183
 INTE. 29 37 126 3857
 DEGR. 37 73 127 2886
 POST 37 33 27 721

SELF EMP 3193 3725 12238 1247741
 BPRIM. 259 196 1398 541511
 PRIM. 86 114 734 188397
 MSEC. 168 163 1108 171925
 HSEC. 772 604 3807 207442
 INTE. 530 686 2340 71550
 DEGR. 682 1356 2353 53533
 POST 694 604 498 13383

FAMILY WK 915 1067 3506 357469
 BPRIM. 74 56 401 155139
 PRIM. 25 33 210 53974
 MSEC. 48 47 317 49255
 HSEC. 221 173 1091 59431
 INTE. 152 197 670 20498
 DEGR. 195 388 674 15337
 POST 199 173 143 3834

EMPLOYEE 737 860 2824 287940
 BPRIM. 60 45 323 124964
 PRIM. 20 26 169 43476
 MSEC. 39 38 256 39675
 HSEC. 178 139 879 47871
 INTE. 122 158 540 16511
 DEGR. 157 313 543 12354
 POST 160 139 115 3088

UNEMP. 0 0 0 37237
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 17066
 PRIM. 0 0 0 5042
 MSEC. 0 0 0 5362
 HSEC. 0 0 0 5679
 INTE. 0 0 0 2078
 DEGR. 0 0 0 1609
 POST 0 0 0 402

 Trade

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 3241 143 2725
 BPRIM. 1951 108 1591
 PRIM. 391 13 433
 MSEC. 318 12 328
 HSEC. 399 7 288
 INTE. 93 2 54
 DEGR. 60 1 25
 POST 28 1 6

SELF EMP 60126 2660 50548
 BPRIM. 36195 1996 29512
 PRIM. 7254 235 8027
 MSEC. 5908 230 6091
 HSEC. 7404 128 5348
 INTE. 1720 31 1003
 DEGR. 1122 18 460
 POST 523 22 106

FAMILY WK 17226 762 14482
 BPRIM. 10370 572 8455
 PRIM. 2078 67 2300
 MSEC. 1693 66 1745
 HSEC. 2121 37 1532
 INTE. 493 9 287
 DEGR. 321 5 132
 POST 150 6 30

EMPLOYEE 13875 614 11665
 BPRIM. 8353 461 6810
 PRIM. 1674 54 1852
 MSEC. 1363 53 1406
 HSEC. 1709 30 1234
 INTE. 397 7 232
 DEGR. 259 4 106
 POST 121 5 25

UNEMP. 4936 0 3451
 BPRIM. 2262 0 1582
 PRIM. 668 0 467
 MSEC. 711 0 497
 HSEC. 753 0 526
 INTE. 275 0 193
 DEGR. 213 0 149
 POST 53 0 37

 Transport/Communication

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 159 92 1070 26
 BPRIM. 13 5 122 11
 PRIM. 4 3 64 4
 MSEC. 8 4 97 4
 HSEC. 38 15 333 4
 INTE. 26 17 205 2
 DEGR. 34 34 206 1
 POST 34 15 44 0

SELF EMP 7382 4306 49831 1230
 BPRIM. 599 227 5693 534
 PRIM. 200 132 2988 186
 MSEC. 390 189 4510 170
 HSEC. 1786 699 15502 205
 INTE. 1226 793 9527 71
 DEGR. 1577 1568 9583 53
 POST 1606 699 2029 13

FAMILY WK 498 291 3363 83
 BPRIM. 40 15 384 36
 PRIM. 13 9 202 13
 MSEC. 26 13 304 11
 HSEC. 121 47 1046 14
 INTE. 83 54 643 5
 DEGR. 106 106 647 4
 POST 108 47 137 1

EMPLOYEE 12002 7001 81014 2000
 BPRIM. 973 368 9256 868
 PRIM. 324 215 4857 302
 MSEC. 633 307 7332 276
 HSEC. 2904 1136 25202 333
 INTE. 1993 1290 15488 115
 DEGR. 2564 2549 15580 86
 POST 2610 1136 3299 21

UNEMP. 3330 0 6139 0
 BPRIM. 1526 0 2814 0
 PRIM. 451 0 831 0
 MSEC. 480 0 884 0
 HSEC. 508 0 936 0
 INTE. 186 0 343 0
 DEGR. 144 0 265 0
 POST 36 0 66 0
RURAL

 Transport/Communication

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 271 0 4234
 BPRIM. 163 0 2472
 PRIM. 33 0 672
 MSEC. 27 0 510
 HSEC. 33 0 448
 INTE. 8 0 84
 DEGR. 5 0 39
 POST 2 0 9

SELF EMP 12612 0 197173
 BPRIM. 7592 0 115117
 PRIM. 1522 0 31312
 MSEC. 1239 0 23760
 HSEC. 1553 0 20859
 INTE. 361 0 3914
 DEGR. 235 0 1796
 POST 110 0 414

FAMILY WK 851 0 13306
 BPRIM. 512 0 7769
 PRIM. 103 0 2113
 MSEC. 84 0 1603
 HSEC. 105 0 1408
 INTE. 24 0 264
 DEGR. 16 0 121
 POST 7 0 28

EMPLOYEE 20504 0 320557
 BPRIM. 12343 0 187154
 PRIM. 2474 0 50906
 MSEC. 2015 0 38628
 HSEC. 2525 0 33912
 INTE. 587 0 6363
 DEGR. 383 0 2920
 POST 179 0 674

UNEMP. 0 0 41491
 BPRIM. 0 0 19015
 PRIM. 0 0 5618
 MSEC. 0 0 5975
 HSEC. 0 0 6327
 INTE. 0 0 2315
 DEGR. 0 0 1792
 POST 0 0 448

 Finance

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 156 438 680 211
 BPRIM. 13 23 78 92
 PRIM. 4 13 41 32
 MSEC. 8 19 62 29
 HSEC. 38 71 211 35
 INTE. 26 81 130 12
 DEGR. 33 159 131 9
 POST 34 71 28 2

SELF EMP 1953 5469 8497 2637
 BPRIM. 158 288 971 1144
 PRIM. 53 168 509 398
 MSEC. 103 240 769 363
 HSEC. 473 888 2643 438
 INTE. 324 1007 1624 151
 DEGR. 417 1991 1634 113
 POST 425 888 346 28

FAMILY WK 156 438 680 211
 BPRIM. 13 23 78 92
 PRIM. 4 13 41 32
 MSEC. 8 19 62 29
 HSEC. 38 71 211 35
 INTE. 26 81 130 12
 DEGR. 33 159 131 9
 POST 34 71 28 2

EMPLOYEE 14454 40472 62876 19513
 BPRIM. 1172 2130 7184 8469
 PRIM. 391 1243 3770 2946
 MSEC. 763 1775 5690 2689
 HSEC. 3497 6568 19560 3244
 INTE. 2400 7455 12020 1119
 DEGR. 3088 14733 12091 837
 POST 3144 6568 2561 209

UNEMP. 0 0 522 2528
 BPRIM. 0 0 239 1159
 PRIM. 0 0 71 342
 MSEC. 0 0 75 364
 HSEC. 0 0 80 386
 INTE. 0 0 29 141
 DEGR. 0 0 23 109
 POST 0 0 6 27

 Finance

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 78 0 109
 BPRIM. 47 0 64
 PRIM. 9 0 17
 MSEC. 8 0 13
 HSEC. 10 0 12
 INTE. 2 0 2
 DEGR. 1 0 1
 POST 1 0 0

SELF EMP 977 0 1367
 BPRIM. 588 0 798
 PRIM. 118 0 217
 MSEC. 96 0 165
 HSEC. 120 0 145
 INTE. 28 0 27
 DEGR. 18 0 12
 POST 9 0 3

FAMILY WK 78 0 109
 BPRIM. 47 0 64
 PRIM. 9 0 17
 MSEC. 8 0 13
 HSEC. 10 0 12
 INTE. 2 0 2
 DEGR. 1 0 1
 POST 1 0 0

EMPLOYEE 7227 0 10118
 BPRIM. 4351 0 5907
 PRIM. 872 0 1607
 MSEC. 710 0 1219
 HSEC. 890 0 1070
 INTE. 207 0 201
 DEGR. 135 0 92
 POST 63 0 21

UNEMP. 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

 Services

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 6404 616 4400 117
 BPRIM. 519 32 503 51
 PRIM. 173 19 264 18
 MSEC. 338 27 398 16
 HSEC. 1550 100 1369 20
 INTE. 1063 113 841 7
 DEGR. 1368 224 846 5
 POST 1393 100 179 1

SELF EMP 114822 11044 78885 2104
 BPRIM. 9310 581 9013 913
 PRIM. 3103 339 4730 318
 MSEC. 6059 484 7139 290
 HSEC. 27782 1792 24540 350
 INTE. 19063 2034 15081 121
 DEGR. 24531 4020 15170 90
 POST 24974 1792 3213 23

FAMILY WK 35224 3388 24200 645
 BPRIM. 2856 178 2765 280
 PRIM. 952 104 1451 97
 MSEC. 1859 149 2190 89
 HSEC. 8523 550 7528 107
 INTE. 5848 624 4626 37
 DEGR. 7525 1233 4654 28
 POST 7661 550 986 7

EMPLOYEE 390670 37576 268399 7157
 BPRIM. 31676 1978 30665 3106
 PRIM. 10559 1154 16092 1081
 MSEC. 20614 1648 24289 986
 HSEC. 94525 6098 83495 1190
 INTE. 64860 6922 51312 410
 DEGR. 83464 13679 51615 307
 POST 84972 6098 10930 77

UNEMP. 21548 0 6661 3852
 BPRIM. 9875 0 3053 1765
 PRIM. 2918 0 902 522
 MSEC. 3103 0 959 555
 HSEC. 3286 0 1016 587
 INTE. 1202 0 372 215
 DEGR. 931 0 288 166
 POST 233 0 72 42

 Services

 Service Agr. Prod.

 URBAN

EMPLOYER 5828 284 5759
 BPRIM. 3508 213 3362
 PRIM. 703 25 915
 MSEC. 573 25 694
 HSEC. 718 14 609
 INTE. 167 3 114
 DEGR. 109 2 52
 POST 51 2 12

SELF EMP 104479 5084 103252
 BPRIM. 62896 3815 60283
 PRIM. 12605 448 16397
 MSEC. 10266 440 12442
 HSEC. 12865 245 10923
 INTE. 2989 59 2050
 DEGR. 1949 34 940
 POST 910 42 217

FAMILY WK 32051 1560 31675
 BPRIM. 19295 1170 18493
 PRIM. 3867 138 5030
 MSEC. 3149 135 3817
 HSEC. 3947 75 3351
 INTE. 917 18 629
 DEGR. 598 10 288
 POST 279 13 67

EMPLOYEE 355479 17297 351304
 BPRIM. 213995 12980 205105
 PRIM. 42887 1525 55789
 MSEC. 34929 1497 42334
 HSEC. 43772 835 37165
 INTE. 10169 201 6974
 DEGR. 6632 115 3200
 POST 3095 144 738

UNEMP. 11316 0 28209
 BPRIM. 5186 0 12928
 PRIM. 1532 0 3819
 MSEC. 1629 0 4062
 HSEC. 1726 0 4302
 INTE. 631 0 1574
 DEGR. 489 0 1219
 POST 122 0 305

 Agriculture

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 69 104 345 104
 BPRIM. 11 24 107 57
 PRIM. 6 24 42 22
 MSEC. 5 6 47 14
 HSEC. 29 12 100 9
 INTE. 9 12 26 1
 DEGR. 4 18 21 0
 POST 6 4 2 0

SELF EMP 2073 3110 10367 3110
 BPRIM. 328 732 3210 1705
 PRIM. 173 732 1263 660
 MSEC. 138 183 1421 406
 HSEC. 864 366 3000 284
 INTE. 259 366 789 41
 DEGR. 121 549 631 5
 POST 190 183 53 10

FAMILY WK 1634 2451 8170 2451
 BPRIM. 259 577 2530 1343
 PRIM. 136 577 995 520
 MSEC. 109 144 1120 320
 HSEC. 681 288 2364 224
 INTE. 204 288 622 32
 DEGR. 95 433 498 4
 POST 150 144 41 8

EMPLOYEE 348 522 1739 522
 BPRIM. 55 123 538 286
 PRIM. 29 123 212 111
 MSEC. 23 31 238 68
 HSEC. 145 61 503 48
 INTE. 43 61 132 7
 DEGR. 20 92 106 1
 POST 32 31 9 2

UNEMP. 0 0 1982 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 1151 0
 PRIM. 0 0 235 0
 MSEC. 0 0 296 0
 HSEC. 0 0 215 0
 INTE. 0 0 64 0
 DEGR. 0 0 14 0
 POST 0 0 5 0

 Agriculture

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 138 229735 2520
 BPRIM. 99 189570 1850
 PRIM. 17 23025 418
 MSEC. 12 11289 162
 HSEC. 7 4853 80
 INTE. 2 654 9
 DEGR. 1 207 1
 POST 0 138 0

SELF EMP 4147 6898144 75678
 BPRIM. 2982 5692131 55552
 PRIM. 513 691365 12555
 MSEC. 347 338965 4868
 HSEC. 222 145714 2395
 INTE. 55 19635 270
 DEGR. 28 6201 39
 POST 0 4134 0

FAMILY WK 3268 5436380 59642
 BPRIM. 2350 4485929 43780
 PRIM. 404 544860 9895
 MSEC. 273 267136 3836
 HSEC. 175 114836 1888
 INTE. 44 15474 213
 DEGR. 22 4887 30
 POST 0 3258 0

EMPLOYEE 695 1156806 12691
 BPRIM. 500 954560 9316
 PRIM. 86 115941 2105
 MSEC. 58 56844 816
 HSEC. 37 24436 402
 INTE. 9 3293 45
 DEGR. 5 1040 6
 POST 0 693 0

UNEMP. 0 78109 4954
 BPRIM. 0 45374 2878
 PRIM. 0 9264 588
 MSEC. 0 11685 741
 HSEC. 0 8483 538
 INTE. 0 2523 160
 DEGR. 0 570 36
 POST 0 211 13

 Mining/Quarying

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

SELF EMP 0 0 344 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 106 0
 PRIM. 0 0 42 0
 MSEC. 0 0 47 0
 HSEC. 0 0 99 0
 INTE. 0 0 26 0
 DEGR. 0 0 21 0
 POST 0 0 2 0

FAMILY WK 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 0 0 1833 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 568 0
 PRIM. 0 0 223 0
 MSEC. 0 0 251 0
 HSEC. 0 0 530 0
 INTE. 0 0 140 0
 DEGR. 0 0 112 0
 POST 0 0 9 0

UNEMP. 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

 Mining/Quarying

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 344 0 5499
 BPRIM. 247 0 4036
 PRIM. 43 0 912
 MSEC. 29 0 354
 HSEC. 18 0 174
 INTE. 5 0 20
 DEGR. 2 0 3
 POST 0 0 0

FAMILY WK 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 1833 0 29327
 BPRIM. 1318 0 21528
 PRIM. 227 0 4865
 MSEC. 153 0 1886
 HSEC. 98 0 928
 INTE. 25 0 105
 DEGR. 12 0 15
 POST 0 0 0

UNEMP. 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

 Manufacturing

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 67 45 245 22
 BPRIM. 11 10 76 12
 PRIM. 6 10 30 5
 MSEC. 4 3 34 3
 HSEC. 28 5 71 2
 INTE. 8 5 19 0
 DEGR. 4 8 15 0
 POST 6 3 1 0

SELF EMP 3256 2171 11940 1085
 BPRIM. 516 511 3697 595
 PRIM. 271 511 1455 230
 MSEC. 217 128 1636 142
 HSEC. 1357 255 3455 99
 INTE. 407 255 909 14
 DEGR. 190 383 727 2
 POST 298 128 61 4

FAMILY WK 1016 677 3726 339
 BPRIM. 161 159 1154 186
 PRIM. 85 159 454 72
 MSEC. 68 40 511 44
 HSEC. 423 80 1078 31
 INTE. 127 80 284 4
 DEGR. 59 120 227 1
 POST 93 40 19 1

EMPLOYEE 1847 1231 6772 616
 BPRIM. 292 290 2097 337
 PRIM. 154 290 825 131
 MSEC. 123 72 928 80
 HSEC. 770 145 1959 56
 INTE. 231 145 516 8
 DEGR. 108 217 413 1
 POST 169 72 34 2

UNEMP. 1486 0 550 716
 BPRIM. 863 0 320 416
 PRIM. 176 0 65 85
 MSEC. 222 0 82 107
 HSEC. 161 0 60 78
 INTE. 48 0 18 23
 DEGR. 11 0 4 5
 POST 4 0 1 2

 Manufacturing

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 267 22 17891
 BPRIM. 192 18 13133
 PRIM. 33 2 2968
 MSEC. 22 1 1151
 HSEC. 14 0 566
 INTE. 4 0 64
 DEGR. 2 0 9
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 13025 1085 872689
 BPRIM. 9366 896 640596
 PRIM. 1612 109 144780
 MSEC. 1089 53 56130
 HSEC. 697 23 27620
 INTE. 174 3 3118
 DEGR. 87 1 445
 POST 0 1 0

FAMILY WK 4065 339 272343
 BPRIM. 2923 280 199913
 PRIM. 503 34 45182
 MSEC. 340 17 17517
 HSEC. 218 7 8619
 INTE. 54 1 973
 DEGR. 27 0 139
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 7388 616 494988
 BPRIM. 5312 508 363345
 PRIM. 914 62 82119
 MSEC. 618 30 31837
 HSEC. 395 13 15666
 INTE. 99 2 1769
 DEGR. 49 1 253
 POST 0 0 0

UNEMP. 716 0 99081
 BPRIM. 416 0 57556
 PRIM. 85 0 11751
 MSEC. 107 0 14823
 HSEC. 78 0 10760
 INTE. 23 0 3200
 DEGR. 5 0 723
 POST 2 0 268

 Electricity/Gas/Water

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

SELF EMP 264 0 3172 0
 BPRIM. 42 0 982 0
 PRIM. 22 0 386 0
 MSEC. 18 0 435 0
 HSEC. 110 0 918 0
 INTE. 33 0 242 0
 DEGR. 15 0 193 0
 POST 24 0 16 0

FAMILY WK 53 0 634 0
 BPRIM. 8 0 196 0
 PRIM. 4 0 77 0
 MSEC. 4 0 87 0
 HSEC. 22 0 184 0
 INTE. 7 0 48 0
 DEGR. 3 0 39 0
 POST 5 0 3 0

EMPLOYEE 1745 0 20938 0
 BPRIM. 276 0 6483 0
 PRIM. 145 0 2551 0
 MSEC. 116 0 2870 0
 HSEC. 727 0 6058 0
 INTE. 218 0 1594 0
 DEGR. 102 0 1275 0
 POST 160 0 106 0

UNEMP. 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

 Electricity/Gas/Water

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 1057 529 5287
 BPRIM. 760 436 3881
 PRIM. 131 53 877
 MSEC. 88 26 340
 HSEC. 57 11 167
 INTE. 14 2 19
 DEGR. 7 0 3
 POST 0 0 0

FAMILY WK 211 106 1057
 BPRIM. 152 87 776
 PRIM. 26 11 175
 MSEC. 18 5 68
 HSEC. 11 2 33
 INTE. 3 0 4
 DEGR. 1 0 1
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 6979 3490 34897
 BPRIM. 5019 2880 25616
 PRIM. 864 350 5789
 MSEC. 584 171 2245
 HSEC. 373 74 1104
 INTE. 93 10 125
 DEGR. 47 3 18
 POST 0 2 0

UNEMP. 1486 0 6936
 BPRIM. 863 0 4029
 PRIM. 176 0 823
 MSEC. 222 0 1038
 HSEC. 161 0 753
 INTE. 48 0 224
 DEGR. 11 0 51
 POST 4 0 19

 Construction

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 14 20 47 7
 BPRIM. 2 5 15 4
 PRIM. 1 5 6 1
 MSEC. 1 1 6 1
 HSEC. 6 2 14 1
 INTE. 2 2 4 0
 DEGR. 1 4 3 0
 POST 1 1 0 0

SELF EMP 2458 3687 8604 1229
 BPRIM. 389 868 2664 674
 PRIM. 205 868 1048 261
 MSEC. 164 217 1179 160
 HSEC. 1024 434 2489 112
 INTE. 307 434 655 16
 DEGR. 143 651 524 2
 POST 225 217 44 4

FAMILY WK 163 244 569 81
 BPRIM. 26 57 176 45
 PRIM. 14 57 69 17
 MSEC. 11 14 78 11
 HSEC. 68 29 165 7
 INTE. 20 29 43 1
 DEGR. 9 43 35 0
 POST 15 14 3 0

EMPLOYEE 1483 2225 5191 742
 BPRIM. 235 523 1607 406
 PRIM. 124 523 632 157
 MSEC. 99 131 711 97
 HSEC. 618 262 1502 68
 INTE. 185 262 395 10
 DEGR. 87 393 316 1
 POST 136 131 26 2

UNEMP. 0 0 550 716
 BPRIM. 0 0 320 416
 PRIM. 0 0 65 85
 MSEC. 0 0 82 107
 HSEC. 0 0 60 78
 INTE. 0 0 18 23
 DEGR. 0 0 4 5
 POST 0 0 1 2

 Construction

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 47 0 3989
 BPRIM. 34 0 2928
 PRIM. 6 0 662
 MSEC. 4 0 257
 HSEC. 3 0 126
 INTE. 1 0 14
 DEGR. 0 0 2
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 8604 0 723952
 BPRIM. 6187 0 531415
 PRIM. 1065 0 120104
 MSEC. 719 0 46564
 HSEC. 460 0 22912
 INTE. 115 0 2587
 DEGR. 58 0 370
 POST 0 0 0

FAMILY WK 569 0 47865
 BPRIM. 409 0 35135
 PRIM. 70 0 7941
 MSEC. 48 0 3079
 HSEC. 30 0 1515
 INTE. 8 0 171
 DEGR. 4 0 24
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 5191 0 436764
 BPRIM. 3732 0 320606
 PRIM. 642 0 72460
 MSEC. 434 0 28092
 HSEC. 278 0 13823
 INTE. 69 0 1561
 DEGR. 35 0 223
 POST 0 0 0

UNEMP. 0 0 118292
 BPRIM. 0 0 68716
 PRIM. 0 0 14029
 MSEC. 0 0 17697
 HSEC. 0 0 12847
 INTE. 0 0 3821
 DEGR. 0 0 864
 POST 0 0 319

 Trade

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 138 69 277 41612
 BPRIM. 22 16 86 22808
 PRIM. 12 16 34 8825
 MSEC. 9 4 38 5431
 HSEC. 58 8 80 3801
 INTE. 17 8 21 543
 DEGR. 8 12 17 68
 POST 13 4 1 136

SELF EMP 3028 1514 6057 910032
 BPRIM. 479 356 1875 498811
 PRIM. 252 356 738 192992
 MSEC. 202 89 830 118764
 HSEC. 1262 178 1752 83135
 INTE. 379 178 461 11876
 DEGR. 177 267 369 1485
 POST 278 89 31 2969

FAMILY WK 494 247 987 148355
 BPRIM. 78 58 306 81317
 PRIM. 41 58 120 31462
 MSEC. 33 15 135 19361
 HSEC. 206 29 286 13553
 INTE. 62 29 75 1936
 DEGR. 29 44 60 242
 POST 45 15 5 484

EMPLOYEE 464 232 927 139309
 BPRIM. 73 55 287 76359
 PRIM. 39 55 113 29544
 MSEC. 31 14 127 18181
 HSEC. 193 27 268 12726
 INTE. 58 27 71 1818
 DEGR. 27 41 56 227
 POST 42 14 5 455

UNEMP. 0 0 0 51082
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 29673
 PRIM. 0 0 0 6058
 MSEC. 0 0 0 7642
 HSEC. 0 0 0 5547
 INTE. 0 0 0 1650
 DEGR. 0 0 0 373
 POST 0 0 0 138

 Trade

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 3254 69 2008
 BPRIM. 2340 57 1474
 PRIM. 403 7 333
 MSEC. 272 3 129
 HSEC. 174 1 64
 INTE. 44 0 7
 DEGR. 22 0 1
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 71167 1514 43912
 BPRIM. 51174 1249 32233
 PRIM. 8807 152 7285
 MSEC. 5950 74 2824
 HSEC. 3808 32 1390
 INTE. 952 4 157
 DEGR. 476 1 22
 POST 0 1 0

FAMILY WK 11602 247 7159
 BPRIM. 8342 204 5255
 PRIM. 1436 25 1188
 MSEC. 970 12 460
 HSEC. 621 5 227
 INTE. 155 1 26
 DEGR. 78 0 4
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 10894 232 6722
 BPRIM. 7834 191 4934
 PRIM. 1348 23 1115
 MSEC. 911 11 432
 HSEC. 583 5 213
 INTE. 146 1 24
 DEGR. 73 0 3
 POST 0 0 0

UNEMP. 6771 0 4734
 BPRIM. 3933 0 2750
 PRIM. 803 0 561
 MSEC. 1013 0 708
 HSEC. 735 0 514
 INTE. 219 0 153
 DEGR. 49 0 35
 POST 18 0 13

 Transport/Communication

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 12 12 538 24
 BPRIM. 2 3 167 13
 PRIM. 1 3 66 5
 MSEC. 1 1 74 3
 HSEC. 5 1 156 2
 INTE. 1 1 41 0
 DEGR. 1 2 33 0
 POST 1 1 3 0

SELF EMP 1040 1040 46800 2080
 BPRIM. 165 245 14491 1140
 PRIM. 87 245 5702 441
 MSEC. 69 61 6414 271
 HSEC. 433 122 13541 190
 INTE. 130 122 3563 27
 DEGR. 61 184 2851 3
 POST 95 61 238 7

FAMILY WK 114 114 5110 227
 BPRIM. 18 27 1582 124
 PRIM. 9 27 623 48
 MSEC. 8 7 700 30
 HSEC. 47 13 1479 21
 INTE. 14 13 389 3
 DEGR. 7 20 311 0
 POST 10 7 26 1

EMPLOYEE 897 897 40345 1793
 BPRIM. 142 211 12493 983
 PRIM. 75 211 4915 380
 MSEC. 60 53 5530 234
 HSEC. 374 105 11673 164
 INTE. 112 105 3072 23
 DEGR. 52 158 2458 3
 POST 82 53 205 6

UNEMP. 4569 0 8422 0
 BPRIM. 2654 0 4892 0
 PRIM. 542 0 999 0
 MSEC. 683 0 1260 0
 HSEC. 496 0 915 0
 INTE. 148 0 272 0
 DEGR. 33 0 61 0
 POST 12 0 23 0

 Transport/Communication

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 12 24 3503
 BPRIM. 9 20 2571
 PRIM. 1 2 581
 MSEC. 1 1 225
 HSEC. 1 1 111
 INTE. 0 0 13
 DEGR. 0 0 2
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 1040 2080 304721
 BPRIM. 748 1716 223680
 PRIM. 129 208 50554
 MSEC. 87 102 19599
 HSEC. 56 44 9644
 INTE. 14 6 1089
 DEGR. 7 2 156
 POST 0 1 0

FAMILY WK 114 227 33274
 BPRIM. 82 187 24425
 PRIM. 14 23 5520
 MSEC. 9 11 2140
 HSEC. 6 5 1053
 INTE. 2 1 119
 DEGR. 1 0 17
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 897 1793 262691
 BPRIM. 645 1480 192828
 PRIM. 111 180 43581
 MSEC. 75 88 16896
 HSEC. 48 38 8314
 INTE. 12 5 939
 DEGR. 6 2 134
 POST 0 1 0

UNEMP. 0 0 56917
 BPRIM. 0 0 33063
 PRIM. 0 0 6750
 MSEC. 0 0 8515
 HSEC. 0 0 6181
 INTE. 0 0 1838
 DEGR. 0 0 415
 POST 0 0 154

 Finance

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

SELF EMP 206 619 1856 412
 BPRIM. 33 146 575 226
 PRIM. 17 146 226 87
 MSEC. 14 36 254 54
 HSEC. 86 73 537 38
 INTE. 26 73 141 5
 DEGR. 12 109 113 1
 POST 19 36 9 1

FAMILY WK 0 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 1856 5568 16703 3712
 BPRIM. 294 1310 5172 2034
 PRIM. 155 1310 2035 787
 MSEC. 124 328 2289 484
 HSEC. 773 655 4833 339
 INTE. 232 655 1272 48
 DEGR. 108 983 1017 6
 POST 170 328 85 12

UNEMP. 0 0 716 3468
 BPRIM. 0 0 416 2014
 PRIM. 0 0 85 411
 MSEC. 0 0 107 519
 HSEC. 0 0 78 377
 INTE. 0 0 23 112
 DEGR. 0 0 5 25
 POST 0 0 2 9

 Finance

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 825 0 206
 BPRIM. 593 0 151
 PRIM. 102 0 34
 MSEC. 69 0 13
 HSEC. 44 0 7
 INTE. 11 0 1
 DEGR. 6 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

FAMILY WK 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

EMPLOYEE 7423 0 1856
 BPRIM. 5338 0 1362
 PRIM. 919 0 308
 MSEC. 621 0 119
 HSEC. 397 0 59
 INTE. 99 0 7
 DEGR. 50 0 1
 POST 0 0 0

UNEMP. 0 0 0
 BPRIM. 0 0 0
 PRIM. 0 0 0
 MSEC. 0 0 0
 HSEC. 0 0 0
 INTE. 0 0 0
 DEGR. 0 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

 Services

 Prof. Admn. Cler. Sales

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 671 12 291 6
 BPRIM. 106 3 90 3
 PRIM. 56 3 35 1
 MSEC. 45 1 40 1
 HSEC. 279 1 84 1
 INTE. 84 1 22 0
 DEGR. 39 2 18 0
 POST 61 1 1 0

SELF EMP 144869 2542 62904 1271
 BPRIM. 22938 598 19478 697
 PRIM. 12072 598 7663 269
 MSEC. 9658 150 8621 166
 HSEC. 60362 299 18201 116
 INTE. 18109 299 4790 17
 DEGR. 8451 449 3832 2
 POST 13280 150 319 4

FAMILY WK 26157 459 11358 229
 BPRIM. 4142 108 3517 126
 PRIM. 2180 108 1384 49
 MSEC. 1744 27 1557 30
 HSEC. 10899 54 3286 21
 INTE. 3270 54 865 3
 DEGR. 1526 81 692 0
 POST 2398 27 58 1

EMPLOYEE 298457 5236 129593 2618
 BPRIM. 47256 1232 40128 1435
 PRIM. 24871 1232 15788 555
 MSEC. 19897 308 17762 342
 HSEC. 124357 616 37497 239
 INTE. 37307 616 9868 34
 DEGR. 17410 924 7894 4
 POST 27359 308 658 9

UNEMP. 29559 0 9138 5284
 BPRIM. 17171 0 5308 3070
 PRIM. 3506 0 1084 627
 MSEC. 4422 0 1367 791
 HSEC. 3210 0 992 574
 INTE. 955 0 295 171
 DEGR. 216 0 67 -39
 POST 80 0 25 14

 Services

 Service Agr. Prod.

 RURAL

EMPLOYER 644 44 394
 BPRIM. 463 36 289
 PRIM. 80 4 65
 MSEC. 54 2 25
 HSEC. 34 1 12
 INTE. 9 0 1
 DEGR. 4 0 0
 POST 0 0 0

SELF EMP 139151 9531 85142
 BPRIM. 100058 7865 62499
 PRIM. 17219 955 14125
 MSEC. 11635 468 5476
 HSEC. 7446 201 2695
 INTE. 1862 27 304
 DEGR. 931 9 43
 POST 0 6 0

FAMILY WK 25124 1721 15373
 BPRIM. 18066 1420 11284
 PRIM. 3109 172 2550
 MSEC. 2101 85 989
 HSEC. 1344 36 487
 INTE. 336 5 55
 DEGR. 168 2 8
 POST 0 1 0

EMPLOYEE 286676 19635 175409
 BPRIM. 206138 16202 128759
 PRIM. 35475 1968 29101
 MSEC. 23970 965 11282
 HSEC. 15341 415 5551
 INTE. 3835 56 627
 DEGR. 1918 18 90
 POST 0 12 0

UNEMP. 15523 0 38697
 BPRIM. 9017 0 22479
 PRIM. 1841 0 4589
 MSEC. 2322 0 5789
 HSEC. 1686 0 4202
 INTE. 501 0 1250
 DEGR. 113 0 282
 POST 42 0 104

Table 2
Aggregated Labour Force Matrix (1987-88)
(Percentage Distribution)

 Agriculture

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro

WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.21
 PRIM. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52
 MSEC. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27
 HSEC. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.12
 INTE. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02
 DEGR. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
 POST 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.03 0.03 35.20
 PRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.01 4.31
 MSEC. 0.00 0.01 0.01 2.16
 HSEC. 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.94
 INTE. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13
 DEGR. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05
 POST 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03
 UNEMP. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.48

 Total 0.02 0.15 0.05 48.45

 Minn/Man/Ele/Gas/W

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro
WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.01 0.06 0.10 3.63
 PRIM. 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.92
 MSEC. 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.58
 HSEC. 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.46
 INTE. 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.08
 DEGR. 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.04
 POST 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.01

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.01 0.04 0.09 4.37
 PRIM. 0.00 0.02 0.02 1.06
 MSEC. 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.56
 HSEC. 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.40
 INTE. 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.07
 DEGR. 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.03
 POST 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01
 UNEMP. 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.61

 Total 0.19 0.70 0.32 12.81

 Construction

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro
WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.02 1.53
 PRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.37
 MSEC. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.19
 HSEC. 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.13
 INTE. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02
 DEGR. 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01
 POST 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.02 0.03 2.49
 PRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.59
 MSEC. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.29
 HSEC. 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.19
 INTE. 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.03
 DEGR. 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01
 POST 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
 UNEMP. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68

 Total 0.06 0.21 0.08 6.53

 Trade/Tran/Fin/Serv

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro Total
WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.28 0.38 2.47 2.59 15.30
 PRIM. 0.12 0.18 0.62 0.64 3.43
 MSEC. 0.14 0.23 0.48 0.39 2.36
 HSEC. 0.76 0.67 0.49 0.30 3.15
 INTE. 0.36 0.38 0.13 0.05 1.16
 DEGR. 0.36 0.42 0.09 0.02 1.09
 POST 0.40 0.11 0.03 0.01 0.62

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.14 0.22 5.34 2.07 50.08
 PRIM. 0.06 0.10 1.76 0.50 8.46
 MSEC. 0.07 0.12 1.35 0.28 4.90
 HSEC. 0.38 0.34 1.36 0.20 3.99
 INTE. 0.16 0.17 0.39 0.03 1.08
 DEGR. 0.15 0.18 0.26 0.01 0.80
 POST 0.17 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.39
 UNEMP. 0.20 0.11 0.47 0.58 3.18

 Total 3.76 3.65 15.31 7.68 100.00

Table 3
Projected Labour Force Matrix (Aggregated) 1982-83
(Percentage Distribution)

 Agriculture

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro

WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.01 2.32
 PRIM. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31
 MSEC. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15
 HSEC. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06
 INTE. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
 DEGR. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
 POST 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 4.50 0.15 25.71
 PRIM. 0.00 1.20 0.04 3.44
 MSEC. 0.00 0.88 0.02 1.54
 HSEC. 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.57
 INTE. 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.07
 DEGR. 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02
 POST 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.01
 UNEMP. 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.10

 Total 0.02 9.32 0.23 34.33

 Minn/Man/Ele/Gas/W

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro

WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.05 0.05 2.68
 PRIM. 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.69
 MSEC. 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.41
 HSEC. 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.36
 INTE. 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03
 DEGR. 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.02
 POST 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.02 0.18 0.08 3.02
 PRIM. 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.74
 MSEC. 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.33
 HSEC. 0.04 0.23 0.03 0.26
 INTE. 0.03 0.15 0.02 0.01
 DEGR. 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01
 POST 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00
 UNEMP. 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.45

 Total 0.18 1.10 0.30 9.02

 Construction

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro

WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.80
 PRIM. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20
 MSEC. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08
 HSEC. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07
 INTE. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 DEGR. 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
 POST 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.02 0.07 0.17 7.05
 PRIM. 0.01 0.04 0.03 1.64
 MSEC. 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.63
 HSEC. 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.42
 INTE. 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.02
 DEGR. 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.01
 POST 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
 UNEMP. 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.60

 Total 0.17 0.40 0.27 12.53

 Trade/Tran/Fin/Serv

 Prof Adm/Cle Sal/Ser Agr/Pro Total

WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.25 0.51 2.12 1.91 10.73
 PRIM. 0.10 0.14 0.50 0.47 2.43
 MSEC. 0.07 0.19 0.37 0.27 1.58
 HSEC. 0.62 0.30 0.57 0.23 2.28
 INTE. 0.32 0.20 0.18 0.02 0.81
 DEGR. 0.25 0.37 0.15 0.01 0.89
 POST 0.32 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.50

NON-WAGE

 BPRIM. 0.27 2.50 3.72 1.68 49.15
 PRIM. 0.12 0.86 1.23 0.40 9.84
 MSEC. 0.07 0.99 0.89 0.19 5.70
 HSEC. 0.65 1.99 1.21 0.14 6.68
 INTE. 0.29 1.00 0.35 0.01 2.50
 DEGR. 0.18 0.80 0.34 0.01 2.61
 POST 0.25 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.78
 UNEMP. 0.24 0.06 0.25 0.75 3.50

 Total 4.02 10.07 11.98 6.07 100.00