Use of e-journals by medical professionals: a study of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) libraries in Delhi.
Singh, K.P. ; Gill, Malkeet Singh
Introduction
The enormous developments in Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) have changed the world information scene. It has
brought drastic changes in the way the information generated, stored,
organized, accessed, retrieved and consumed. In the present time almost
information sources are available in electronic form. Many printed
journals have now been made available online. E-journals are major
resources for scholarly communication. They take less time to publish,
occupy less space and can access from remote location.
Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of the study are to know the usage of
e-journals among the users of ICMR libraries in Delhi. The objectives
include:
1. To discover awareness and extent of use of e-journals in ICMR
libraries;
2. To identify the purpose of using e-journals;
3. To discover the frequency of using e-journals;
4. To discover the most used format for downloading e-journal
articles;
5. To identify the problems being faced by the users while
accessing e-journals.
Literature Review
Baljinder Kaur and Verma (2009) discuss the awareness level of IIT
users towards use of e-resources particularly e-journals. They found
that the impact of scholarly e-journals on academic community and
suggested right ways to increases the usage of e-journals. They have
raised the issue of accessing them at public domain that is accessing
these facilities from outside the library for registered users. Khan and
Ahmed (2009) explore the comparative use of e-journals among researchers
of AMU and BHU. They found that the researchers of the both universities
are much aware about the use of e-journals facility in respective
universities. They sought the purpose of using e-journals facility.
Deahpande and Pathak (2008) analyze the role of e-journals among
astronomy and astrophysics libraries in India. The study discussed the
matter of awareness, place, and frequency of accessing e-journals. They
also have given emphasis to information literacy programmes. Moghaddam
and Talawar (2008) explore the use of electronic journals at the Indian
Institute of Science libraries in India. The questionnaire method was
used to collect the data from respondents. Dhingra and Mahajan (2007)
examine the use of electronic journals at A.C. Joshi Library of Panjab
University, Chandigarh. It has taken several issues regarding usage of
e-journals among users and highlights the major problems to accessing
them. They found that lack of proper training and infrastructure
facility hinders the use of e-journals. They have given prolific
suggestions for further improvement. Raza and Upadhyay (2006) have
studied the usage of e-journals by the researchers of Aligarh Muslim
University. The article revealed the awareness level of researchers
about e-journals, appropriate place for accessing them, purpose of use
and the main obstacles which are faced by the researchers while
accessing the e-journals. Its findings stress orientation programmes
that should be conducted frequently by the library for researchers. The
journal Nature, Science and Proceeding of the National Academy of
Science are most popular journals among the respondents. Bhatt (2005)
(9) has stated that e-journals play a pivot role in the research and
development activities. He has discussed in details the concept of
e-journals and its benefits. He has also evaluated the problems and
perspectives of e-journals in an Indian context. Renwick (2005)
determines the medical science faculty's perception regarding use
of e-resources in number and frequency in Medical Science Library at The
University of the West Indies. He found that the most of the respondents
were computer literate, hence they were quite used to these resources.
The most of the respondents felt need of training in the form of
workshops. Tenopir, King and Bush (2004) investigated how medical
faculty members use scholarly journals, whether print or electronic,
what is the pattern to use them and what are the similarities and
differences between the use of journals by medical faculty and faculty
in other disciplines. They found that medical faculty read more
journals' article as compared to other scientists. The medical
faculty relies more on the print form of the journal rather that
electronic. The main purpose of using journal is to support primary
research and keep up-to-date. Singh (2003) discussed the concept of
e-journal portal and their role in the library and information centers.
He defines the importance of e-journal portals in acquisition and
dissemination of full text information to library and information
centers. Some e-journal portals such as Emerald, Science Direct, J-Gate
and IDEAL are defined in paper. He also explored the various facets and
issues of e-portal journals in brief.
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is limited to health science institutes
which have been co-affiliated to ICMR Headquarters in Delhi region.
These institutes have been conducting research in diverse fields of
biomedical sciences. Their libraries are well equipped and providing
adequate resources to the users which are associated to the respective
institutes. This study focuses on the usage pattern of e-journals among
the members of their institutes. The study covers the various types of
users like, researchers, scientists, doctors, faculty, DNB students etc.
While conducting the study we have under taken the following ICMR
Libraries of Delhi region including its Headquarters:
1. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, New
Delhi;
2. Institute of Pathology (IOP), New Delhi;
3. National Institute of Medical Statistics (NIMS), New Delhi;
Methodology
This study is a questionnaire based survey of ICMR Libraries use
among users. The simple, well recognized questionnaire was designed in a
way to collect the relevant data from the respondents. The appropriate
questions have been added in the questionnaire and discarded those
questions which could create confusion. The questionnaire was designed
while keeping in mind the objectives of the study. Its design is based
on review of literature. The questionnaires were distributed among the
users i.e. Academic staff, Scientists, Doctors, Faculty, Research
Associates, Research Scholars, DNB students, Post-doctoral fellows etc.
The collected data through the questionnaire was thoroughly
organized and tabulated by using simple statistical methods. It
summarizes and analyses user responses to understand the research
problems and to find out the solution of related problems. All questions
in the received back filled questionnaire were analyzed to prepare
appropriate tables for further interpretation. The separate tables were
prepared for each aspect asked from the users. In the end, findings,
conclusion as well as suggestions have been given, which are based on
the analysis.
Hypotheses
1. Most of the users of ICMR Libraries are well aware about the
availability of e-journals;
2. PDF format is the most preferred for downloading articles;
3. The users easily access e-journals mostly due to information
literacy programmes.
Analysis and Discussion
The following table shows that total sample size and response rate
of users which have been received in the study. It also shows that the
gender and age group of the respondents in these institutions.
Table 1 represents the combined data of total sample size, gender
and age group of the respondents in respective institutions. The sample
of the population shows that total 164 questionnaires were distributed
among the respondents in which 109 questionnaires were received back
with making a response rate of 66.4%. The data regarding gender shows
that the male and female respondents are almost equal. On the other hand
data of the age group shows that most of the respondents are in the age
group of 25-30. It signifies that young respondents are more willing to
provide information and accessing e-journals.
Table 1: Administration the Questionnaires by Institutions Sample Size,
Gender and Age Group
Sample size Gender
Libraries Distributed Returned Response Male Female
Rate (%)
ICMR Hqrs 50 32 64 18 14
(56.2%) (43.7%)
IOP 50 34 68 17 (50%) 17 (50%)
NIMS 9 7 77.7 6 (85.7%) 1 (14.2%)
NIMR 55 36 65.4 18 (50%) 18 (50%)
Total 164 109 66.4% 59 50
Sample size Age Gro
up
Libraries Total >25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45
ICMR Hqrs 32 8 (25%) 2 (6.2%) 4 (12.5%)
IOP 34 3 (9%) 26 5 (14.7%)
(76.4%)
NIMS 7 1 (14.2%) 1 (14.2%)
NIMR 36 3 (8.3%) 24 5 (13.9%)
(66.6%)
Total 109 6 58 10 3 5
Sample size
Libraries 45+ Total
ICMR Hqrs 18 32
(56.2%)
IOP 34
NIMS 5 (71.4%) 7
NIMR 4 (11.1%) 36
Total 27 109
Table 2 reveals the awareness level of respondents regarding
availability of e-journals. It shows about 93.5% positive response
regarding the awareness of e-journals. Only 1 user i.e. 3% of IOP, 1
user i.e. 14.2% of NIMS and 5 users i.e. 13.8% respondents of NIMR were
found to be unaware about e-journals. It means majority of the
respondents are much aware about the availability of e-journals at their
institutions.
Table 2: Awareness regarding E-Journals
ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Yes 32 (100%) 33 (97%) 6 (85.7%) 31 (86.1%)
No 0 1 (3%) 1 (14.2%) 5 (13.8%)
Total 32 34 7 36
Table 3 represents the data related to purpose of usage of
e-journals which indicates that 28 users i.e. 87.5% of ICMR Hqrs, 32
users i.e. 94.1% of IOP, 7 users i.e. 100% of NIMS and 36 users i.e.
100% of NIMR access e-journals for their research. While 22 users i.e.
68.7% of ICMR Hqrs, 25 users i.e. 73.5% of IOP, 2 users i.e. 28.5% of
NIMS and 22 users i.e. 61.1% of NIMR use e-journals for gaining current
information. Similarly, 12 users i.e. 37.5% of ICMR Hqrs, 22 users i.e.
64.7% of IOP, 3 users i.e. 42.8% of NIMS and 17 users i.e. 47.2% of NIMR
use e-journals to write articles. So, mainly there are three major
purposes for which respondents are using the e-journals.
Table 3: Purpose of Using E-Journals
Purpose ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Research 28 32 7 (100%) 36 (100%)
(87.5%) (94.1%)
Education 10 20 2 (28.5%) 13
(31.2%) (58.8%) (36.1%)
Professional 5 (15.6%) 9 (26.4%) 2 (28.5%) 1 (2.7%)
Achievements
Writing Articles 12 22 3 (42.8%) 17
(37.5%) (64.7%) (47.2%)
Teaching 1 (3.1%) 5 (14.7%) 1 (14.2%) 2 (5.5%)
Assignments
Current 22 25 2 (28.5%) 22
Information (68.7%) (73.5%) (61.1%)
Presentation 10 19 - 11
(31.2%) (55.8%) (30.5%)
Table 4 shows the probable place where the respondents are
accessing e-journals. It shows that 8 users i.e. 25% of ICMR Hqrs, 18
users i.e. 52.9% of IOP and 2 users i.e. 5.5% of NIMR access e-journals
from institute's library. Whereas 25 users i.e. 78.1% of ICMR Hqrs,
12 users i.e. 35.2% of IOP, 6 users i.e. 85.7% of NIMS and 25 users i.e.
69.4% of NIMR access e-journals from their office. Some respondents i.e.
1 user i.e. 3.1% of ICMR Hqrs, 5 users i.e. 14.7% of IOP and 14 users
i.e. 38.8% of NIMR access from computer libraries. Whereas 7 users i.e.
21.8% of ICMR Hqrs, 9 users i.e. 26.4% of IOP, 2 users i.e. 28.5% of
NIMS and 9 users i.e. 25% of NIMR access e-journals from their
residences. The offices of the respondents are more suitable place for
accessing e-journals.
Table 4: Place of Access of E-Journals
Place of Access ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Library 8 (25%) 18 (52.9%) - 2 (5.5%)
Office 25 (78.1%) 12 (35.2%) 6 (85.7%) 25 (69.4%)
Computer Lab 1 (3.1%) 5 (14.7%) - 14 (38.8%)
Residence 7 (21.8%) 9 (26.4%) 2 (28.5%) 9 (25%)
Table 5 shows the frequency of using e-journals by the respondents.
It indicates that 18 users i.e. 56.2% of ICMR Hqrs, 24 users i.e. 70.5%
of IOP and 29 users i.e. 80.5% of NIMR use e-journals daily. There was a
negative response at NIMS with regard to daily use of e-journals. While
6 users i.e. 18.7% of ICMR Hqrs, 4 users i.e. 11.7% of IOP, 3 users i.e.
42.8% of NIMS and 1 user i.e. 2.7% of NIMR use e-journals biweekly.
Whereas 5 users i.e. 15.6% of ICMR Hqrs, 3 users i.e. 8.8% of IOP, 1
user i.e. 14.2% of NIMS and 6 users i.e. 16.6% of NIMR use them weekly.
A very few respondents are using e-journals once in a fortnight or a
month.
Table 5: Average Access of E-Journals
Average ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Access
Daily 18 24 - 29
(56.2%) (70.5%) (80.5%)
Biweekly 6 (18.7%) 4 (11.7%) 3 (42.8%) 1 (2.7%)
Weekly 5 (15.6%) 3 (8.8%) 1 (14.2%) 6 (16.6%)
Fortnightly 1 (3.1%) 1 (2.9%) 1 (14.2%) -
Monthly 2 (6.2%) 2 (5.8%) 2 (28.5%) -
Total 32 34 7 36
Table 6 shows the time period, for which the users access
e-journals. It shows that 6 users i.e. 18.7% of ICMR Hqrs, 5 users i.e.
14.7% of IOP, 2 users i.e. 28.5% of NIMS and 7 users i.e. 19.4% of NIMR
were accessing e-journals for a period of less than one year. Similarly,
3 users i.e. 9.3% of ICMR Hqrs, 8 users i.e. 23.5% of IOP and 5 users
i.e. 13.8% of NIMR are accessing from the last 1 to 2 years. Likewise 2
users i.e. 6.2%, 8 users i.e. 23.5%, 2 users i.e. 28.5%, 3 users i.e.
8.3% respectively from ICMR Hqrs, IOP, NIMS and NIMR are accessing them
for 2 to 3 years. Whereas 7 users i.e. 21.8% of ICMR Hqrs, 5 users i.e.
14.7% of IOP, 1 user i.e. 14.2% of NIMS and 3 users i.e. 8.3% of NIMR
were accessing e-journals for the last 3 to 4 years. On the other hand
14 users i.e. 43.7% of ICMR Hqrs, 8 users i.e. 23.5% of IOP, 2 users
i.e. 28.5% of NIMS and 18 users i.e. 50% of NIMR are accessing
e-journals for a long time i.e. more than 4 years.
Table 6: Period of Accessing E-Journals
Period ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Less than 1 6 (18.7%) 5 (14.7%) 2 (28.5%) 7 (19.4%)
year
Between 1-2 3 (9.3%) 8 (23.5%) - 5 (13.8%)
years
2-3 years 2 (6.2%) 8 (23.5%) 2 (28.5%) 3 (8.3%)
3-4 years 7 (21.8%) 5 (14.7%) 1 (14.2%) 3 (8.3%)
More than 4 14 8 (23.5)% 2 (28.5%) 18 (50%)
years (43.7%)
Total 32 34 7 36
Table 7 reveals the most suitable format chosen by respondents
while downloading of articles. The respondents have given responses 100%
in favour of PDF format. A very small size of population choses other
formats such as HTML, DOC. and XML.
Table 7: Preferred Format for Downloading
Formats ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
PDF 31 34 7 (100%) 36
(96.8%) (100%) (100%)
HTML 1 (3.1%) 2 (5.8%) 1 (14.2%) -
DOC. 1 (3.1%) 1 (2.9%) 1 (14.2%) -
XML - - - -
Table 8 indicates reading mode of e-journals. (12) users i.e. 37.5%
from ICMR Hqrs, 10 users i.e. 29.4% from IOP, 2 users i.e. 28.5% from
NIMS and 14 users i.e. 38.8% from NIMR read e-journals on computer
screen, whereas 13 users i.e. 40.6% from ICMR Hqrs, 14 users i.e. 41%
from IOP, 2 users i.e. 28.5% from NIMS and 9 users i.e. 25% from NIMR
read e-journals after taking print of the articles. On the other hand 7
users i.e. 21.8% from ICMR Hqrs, 10 users i.e. 29.4% from IOP, 3 users
i.e. 42.8% from NIMS and 13 users i.e. 36.1% from NIMR use both methods
to read the articles. It shows the mix responses regarding methods of
reading e-journals.
Table 8: Mode of Reading of E-Journals
Modes ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Reading on 12 10 2 (28.5%) 14
monitor (37.5%) (29.4%) (38.8%)
Read print 13 14 (41%) 2 (28.5%) 9 (25%)
out (40.6%)
Both 7 (21.8%) 10 3 (42.8%) 13
(29.4%) (36.1%)
Total 32 34 7 36
Table 9 shows that the problems which were faced by the respondents
while accessing e-journals. It shows the major problem is of limited
access to terminals: 15 users i.e. 46.8%, 19 users i.e. 55.8%, 1 user
i.e. 14.2%, 25 users i.e. 69.4% respectively from ICMR Hqrs, IOP, NIMS
and NIMR find limited access to terminals. On the other hand 14 users
i.e. 43.7%, 20 users i.e. 58.8%, 4 users i.e. 57.1%, 18 users i.e. 50%
respectively from ICMR Hqrs, IOP, NIMS and NIMR faced problems of slow
downloading. Similarly, 15 users i.e. 46.8% of ICMR Hqrs, 16 users i.e.
47% of IOP, 3 users i.e. 42.8% of NIMS and 10 users i.e. 27.7% of NIMR
were not using e-journals due to slow speed. These are some of the major
problems being faced by the respondents while accessing e-journals.
Table 9: Challenges and problems being faced by the users while using
E-Journals
Problem ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Searching 3 (9.3%) 6 (17.6%) 1 (14.2%) 5 (13.8%)
Downloading 14 20 4 (57.1%) 18 (50%)
(43.7%) (58.8%)
Printing 1 (3%) 2 (5.8%) 1 (14.2%) -
Browsing 4 (12.5%) 3 (8.8%) 1 (14.2%) 3 (8.3%)
Slow Speed 15 16 (47%) 3 (42.8%) 10
(46.8%) (27.7%)
Limited Access 15 19 1 (14.2%) 25
Terminals (46.8%) (55.8%) (69.4%)
Lack of 4 (12.5%) 5 (14.7%) 2 (28.5%) 5 (13.8%)
training
Table 10 shows that the respondents response regard getting any
orientation programmes training provided by the library. It shows that
21 users i.e. 65.6%, 29 users i.e. 85.2%, 6 users i.e. 85.7%, 9 users
i.e. 25% respectively from ICMR Hqrs, IOP, NIMS and NIMR were getting
library orientation training. On the other hand 11 users i.e. 34.3% of
ICMR Hqrs, 5 users i.e. 14.7% of IOP, 1 user i.e. 14.2% of NIMS and 27
users i.e. 75% of NIMR were not getting any library orientation
training. In this regard respondents at NIMR have given negative
response in context of getting any formal training to access these
e-journals.
Table 10: Orientation Programme being provided by the library
ICMR Hqrs IOP NIMS NIMR
Yes 21 29 6 (85.7%) 9 (25%)
(65.6%) (85.2%)
No 11 5 (14.7%) 1 (14.2%) 27
(34.3%) (75%)
Total 32 34 7 36
Findings
The following are the major findings of the study:
* Awareness: The study found that 94% respondents are aware and
only 6% respondents are not aware about the availability of e-journals.
* Purpose: It is observed that 94.4% respondents are using
e-journals for their research work, followed by 65% current information
and 49.5% for writing article.
* Location: It is observed that 62.3% respondents access e-journals
from their office, followed by 25.6% from the library.
* Time Period: The study found that 38.5% respondents accessing
e-journals facility for the last 4 years, followed by 18.3% less than
one year.
* Frequency: It is found that 65.1% respondents are using
e-journals daily, followed by 13.7% weekly and 12.8% biweekly.
* Format: The study also observed that 99% respondents were in
favour of PDF format. They accept that it is most suitable format for
downloading an online article.
* Problems: The survey revealed that 55% respondents have limited
access to terminals which is a major problem for accessing e-journals,
followed by 51% downloading, followed by 40% slow speed.
* Information Literacy Training: Approximately 60% respondents have
received information literacy training directly or indirectly from the
library staff to gain familiarity with access to e-journals subscribed
by the library and 40% respondents did not get any such of programme
specially NIMR respondent i.e. 75% respondent were not getting any such
kind of programme.
Testing the hypotheses
1. The survey found that most of the users are aware about the
availability of e-journals. So, this hypothesis is proved.
2. The study revealed that almost i.e. 99% respondents are using
PDF format for downloading the article. It is also true.
3. The study resulted in the finding that most of the users are
getting training in information literacy programmes directly or
indirectly from the library except at NIMR. It is partially true.
Suggestions
The present study sought to examine the usage of e-journals by the
users of ICMR libraries in the Delhi region. The survey reveals that all
the respondents are much aware of e-journals in their institutes.
E-journals are becoming increasingly a valuable service among the
health/medical science community. The results show a significant high
acceptance of e-journals by users of all categories. This study confirms
that e-journal's usage is constantly increasing. The following
suggestions are made to enhance their use:
* It is suggested to increase the quantity of computer terminals
and speed of internet browsing to overcome the problems of limited
access of terminals and slow downloading.
* The library should start new alert system to inform the users
about new additions to journals, newly subscribed journals.
* The number of e-journals should be increased to provide access to
more journals in respective fields.
* The library should introduce feed back system to know about the
proper use of e-journals service and problems of users.
* There is need of more trained and skilled staff well aware of the
functioning of electronic resources specially e-journals so that they
can provide better services to the users while they are facing any
problem in accessing e-journals.
* To improve the efficiency of the users to access e-journals, NIMR
library should conduct information literacy programme. However study
suggests that continuous information literacy programmes should be
undertaken by the other libraries.
* It is suggested that Headquarters should acquire e-journals
accessibility and provide links to all sister institutes under its
control instead of separate institutes subscribing same journals in
their own library. It will avoid purchasing of duplicate journals. It
will increase accessibility to more numbers of e-journals.
* The library timing and services facility should be increased by
the institutes' libraries.
* There is need of accessing e-journals facility from public
domains that will allow accessing from outside the library for
registered users.
Conclusion
The fast development of the information technology in this age has
changed the functions and definition of librarianship. The e-resources
have become the vital part of the every kind of library. Print format of
documents are being changed into electronic form. E-journals have become
a need of the library. E - journals have several advantages over the
print counterparts. The present study was conducted on the use of
e-journals by users of ICMR Libraries in Delhi region. It indicates that
e-journals have played a major role in information dissemination
process. The study concluded that almost all users of ICMR Libraries are
well aware about the availability of e-journals at their institute
library and they are using these journals for research needs. The study
will be beneficial for the libraries to know the needs of users for
better use of e-journals service provided by ICMR Libraries.
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K.P. Singh
University of Delhi,
[email protected]
Malkeet Singh Gill
University of Delhi,
[email protected]
Singh, K.P. and Gill, Malkeet Singh, "Use of E-Journals by
Medical Professionals: A Study of Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR) Libraries in Delhi" (2012). Library Philosophy and Practice
(e-journal). Paper 810.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/810
Dr. K P Singh
Sr. Asst. Professor and Principal Investigator
Department of Library and Information Science
University of Delhi
Delhi-11007
[email protected]
Malkeet Singh Gill
Research Scholar (PhD)
Department of Library and Information Science
University of Delhi
Delhi-11007
[email protected]
