Annual industry accounts: revised estimates for 2002-2004.

Smith, George M. ; Lum, Sherlene K.S.

IN 2004, real growth in the U.S. economy was led by the services-producing sector, reflecting strength in the information, professional and business services, trade, and real estate, rental, and leasing industries. Goods-producing industries also accelerated, primarily because of a resurgence in manufacturing. Overall, economic growth was broad; all 15 industry groups expanded, and growth rates in almost all groups accelerated.

These conclusions are drawn from the 2005 annual update of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) annual industry accounts, which was released on December 15, 2005. The update includes revised estimates for 2002-2004 for the integrated gross-domestic-product-by-industry accounts and the annual input-output (I-O) accounts.

This year's annual update also includes the first detailed industry and commodity estimates for 2004 and the first revised KLEMS (K-capital, L-labor, E-energy, M-materials, and S-purchased services) estimates. The revised estimates for all years were derived using the integrated annual industry accounts methodology; they provide information on 65 industries and commodities. The previous estimates for 2004 were prepared using a methodology developed for summary source data and were limited to 21 industry groups. (1) The KLEMS estimates for 2002 and 2003, which were first released in September 2005, are revised, and updated estimates for 2004 are presented. (2)

Highlights of the revised annual industry accounts include the following:

* Real economic growth in 2004 was widespread. All 15 private-sector industry groups expanded; 13 industry groups grew at a faster rate in 2004 than in 2003. Growth slowed only in the utilities and the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry groups.

* Services-producing industries grew 4.9 percent in 2004--faster than the 4.6-percent real average annual growth in 1996-2000, before the economic slowdown in 2001. Overall, services-producing industries, which account for two-thirds of current-dollar GDP, accounted for almost four-fifths of the 4.2-percent growth in real GDP in 2004. (3)

* Manufacturing industries' growth was widespread; 16 of the 19 industries expanded. Durable-goods manufacturing industries accelerated sharply, growing 6.3 percent in 2004, compared with 4.3 percent in 2003. These industries accounted for most of the acceleration in the goods-producing sector, which grew 3.9 percent in 2004. Nondurable-goods manufacturing industries turned up, increasing 2.7 percent after decreasing 1.2 percent.

* The real estate, rental, and leasing industry group and the professional and business services industry group together accounted for a third of real GDP growth in 2004. The finance and insurance industry group contributed little to real GDP growth in 2004 after accounting for almost a fifth of real growth in 2003.

* Information-communications-technology (ICT)-producing industries increased 12.9 percent in 2004--almost double their growth in 2003. These industries--which include computer and electronic products manufacturing, publishing industries (includes software), information and data processing services, and computer systems design and related services--accounted for 11.0 percent of real GDP growth but for just 3.8 percent of GDP.

* Price growth was widespread in 2004; 10 of the 15 private-sector industry groups contributed to GDP price growth, up from 6 industry groups in 2003. The services-producing sector accounted for almost three-fifths of the 2.6-percent growth in GDP prices. ICT-producing industries continued to restrain GDP price growth.

The revised annual industry accounts incorporate the most timely, most detailed, and most accurate source data available, including Census Bureau annual survey and economic census data on industry and commodity output, Bureau of Labor Statistics data on producer prices, and BEA estimates of final demand and industry returns to labor and capital from the 2005 annual revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs). These data are combined in an input-output (I-O) framework that balances and reconciles industry production and commodity usage. (See the appendix.)

The remainder of this article is organized into the following parts: A discussion of industry trends and developments; an analysis of commodity supply and use; a look at revisions to the previously published estimates and changes in methodology; an appendix that discusses the methodological steps used to revise the annual industry accounts; and a new guide to the annual industry accounts tables that precedes the detailed industry and commodity estimates, which are presented in tables 1-24 at the end of the article (see the box "Data Availability" on page 22).

Industry Trends and Developments

Private goods-producing industries

Real growth. Private goods-producing industries grew 3.9 percent in 2004 after growing 1.2 percent in 2003 and 1.3 percent in 2002 (chart 1). The growth rate for 2004 was revised up 0.8 percentage point. The growth rate for 2003 was revised down 1.6 percentage points (see "Revisions").

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The acceleration of growth in the private goods-producing sector largely reflected an upturn in nondurable-goods manufacturing and stronger growth in durable-goods manufacturing (table A). Growth in the mining and construction industry groups was also strong. Overall, all four major goods-producing industry groups expanded in 2004, and three groups grew faster than in 2003. The weakest performer was the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry group, whose growth rate fell to 1.8 percent in 2004 from 7.6 percent in 2003.

Real growth within manufacturing industries was especially notable; 16 of the 19 manufacturing industries expanded in 2004, compared with 10 industries in 2003 and 11 industries in 2002. Manufacturing industries, which accounted for 12.1 percent of the economy in 2004, accounted for 0.59 percentage point (14.0 percent) of the 4.2-percent real GDP growth in 2004, compared with 0.24 percentage point (8.9 percent) of the 2.7-percent real GDP growth in 2003.

Nondurable-goods manufacturing industries increased 2.7 percent in 2004 after decreasing 1.2 percent in 2003 and increasing 4.2 percent in 2002. In 2004, real growth turned up in the food, beverage, and tobacco products industry, increasing 1.6 percent after decreasing 0.3 percent in 2003 and 1.5 percent in 2002. The apparel, leather, and allied products industry increased 5.4 percent after decreasing 11.4 percent in 2003 and 7.0 percent in 2002. The paper products industry increased 9.4 percent after decreasing 3.9 percent in 2003 and increasing 4.2 percent in 2002. The printing and related support activities industry increased 4.5 percent after decreasing 2.3 percent in 2003 and 3.9 percent in 2002. Real growth in the plastics and rubber products industry accelerated, increasing 10.5 percent after increasing 1.9 percent in 2003 and 2.4 percent in 2002. Growth in the petroleum and coal products industry decreased 5.4 percent after decreasing 19.7 percent in 2003 and increasing 35.7 percent in 2002.

Real growth in the durable-goods manufacturing industries accelerated, increasing 6.3 percent in 2004 after increasing 4.3 percent in 2003 and 1.7 percent in 2002. In 2004, real growth in the computer and electronic products manufacturing industry again accelerated, increasing 21.1 percent in 2004 after increasing 15.7 percent in 2003 and 2.1 percent in 2002. Real growth in primary metals manufacturing turned up strongly, growing 9.0 percent in 2004 after decreasing 3.4 percent in 2003; the machinery manufacturing industry increased 9.2 percent after decreasing 1.1 percent; and the furniture manufacturing industry increased 7.3 percent alter decreasing 1.1 percent. However, real growth in the motor vehicles, bodies, and parts manufacturing industry decreased 2.8 percent, following an increase of 12.3 percent.

Shares of GDP growth and GDP. In 2004, private goods-producing industries accounted for almost a fifth (0.75 percentage point) of the 4.2-percent growth in real GDP, compared with a tenth (0.23 percentage point) of the 2.7-percent growth in real GDP in 2003 (chart 2). In private goods-producing industries, manufacturing industries contributed the most (0.59 percentage point) to real GDP growth in 2004 (table B).

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Overall, the goods-producing industries' share of GDP remained relatively stable in 2001-2004 as price increases for petroleum and farm output raised the mining and agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry groups' shares of GDP; these two groups accounted for 2.7 percent of GDP in 2004, compared with 2.2 percent in 2003 (table C). The manufacturing industry group's share of GDP continued its downtrend, decreasing from 13.2 percent in 2001 to 12.1 percent in 2004.

Value-added prices. Growth in value-added prices, which reflect changes in prices for labor and capital (unit costs) and changes in profit margins, stabilized for private goods-producing industries in 2004 (table D). These industries accounted for a fourth (0.65 percentage point) of the 2.6-percent GDP price growth in 2004 and a third (0.61 percentage point) of the 2.0-percent growth in 2003 (chart 3 and table E). In contrast, value-added prices of private goods-producing industries restrained GDP price growth in 2002 (-0.16 percentage point).

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The oil and gas extraction industry and the petroleum and coal products industry were again strong contributors to GDP price growth in 2004, but not as strong as in 2003. Together, these two industries accounted for 9.0 percent (0.24 percentage point) of GDP price growth in 2004, compared with 23.0 percent (0.46 percentage point) in 2003. The stronger contribution by these industries to GDP prices in 2003 reflected rising petroleum prices, which contributed to higher value-added prices for these industries by causing their output prices to increase more than their input prices.

In general, an industry's value-added price index will increase if the industry's output prices increase more (or decrease less) than its input prices. Alternatively, an industry's value-added price index will decline if its input prices increase more (or decrease less) than its output prices. (4) In 2003, output prices increased more than input prices in both the oil and gas extraction industry and the petroleum and coal products industry, indicating that input price increases were fully shifted forward to customers in the form of higher output prices. However, this relationship between input prices and output prices was not typical.

Overall, input prices increased more (or decreased less) than output prices in 18 of the 25 private goods-producing industries in 2003 and 2004 (table F). In manufacturing, input prices increased more (or decreased less) than output prices in 16 of the 19 industries in 2003 and 2004.

Petroleum price effects. The oil and gas extraction industry sells products and services at prices that fluctuate with the price of crude petroleum, in 2004, these price changes affected industries in various ways.

In the oil and gas extraction industry, rising crude petroleum prices contributed directly to current-dollar increases in its gross output and value added. Gross output increased 19 percent, and value added increased 24 percent. However, after inflation is accounted for, real value added decreased 1.0 percent.

In industries that consume crude and refined petroleum and petroleum products as intermediate inputs, the effect of increasing petroleum prices on their value-added prices depends on how much of the increase gets passed through to their customers. If the pass through is complete, the industry's profit margin is not affected, and the value-added price index is only slightly affected. If only part of the rise in intermediate prices is passed through, the industry's profit margin is squeezed, and its value-added price index declines. For example, input prices in the air transportation industry increased 8.0 percent in 2004, but this industry's output prices decreased 2.6 percent, indicating that the industry may not have been able to pass through the increase in intermediate input prices. That contributed to a drop in profits and the 13.8-percent decrease in its value-added price index.

The KLEMS composition of industries' inputs shows that energy inputs, including crude petroleum and refined petroleum products, are heavily consumed by government, manufacturing, transportation and warehousing, utilities, and real estate.

Private services-producing industries

Real growth. Private services-producing industries accelerated, growing 4.9 percent in 2004 after growing 3.2 percent in 2003 and 1.5 percent in 2002 (chart 1). Growth in this sector exceeded overall GDP growth in 2004 and 2003. The information industry group was a key driver of growth in this sector, growing 12.8 percent in 2004, compared with 2.7 percent in 2003 (table A). In the information industry group, real growth was strong in the broadcasting and telecommunications industry, increasing 14.7 percent in 2004 after increasing 1.7 percent in 2003. In 2004, this industry accounted for 3 percent of GDP but for 9 percent of GDP growth.

Overall, 30 of the 36 services-producing industries expanded in 2004, and 23 grew at a faster rate than in 2003. Notable performance by industries include the following:

* The "miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services" industry grew 9.6 percent in 2004, compared with 2.4 percent in 2003. In 2004, this industry accounted for only 4 percent of the economy but 9 percent of overall economic growth.

* The real estate services industry grew 6.1 percent in 2004, compared with 2.2 percent in 2003. In 2004, this industry accounted for 12 percent of the economy but 17 percent of overall economic growth.

* The securities, commodity contracts, and investments industry grew 10.1 percent in 2004, compared with 3.2 percent in 2003. In 2004, this industry accounted for 1 percent of the economy, but 3 percent of overall economic growth.

* The "Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities" industry, a component of the finance and insurance industry group, decreased 0.8 percent after increasing 7.5 percent in 2003. The "insurance carriers and related activities" industry fell 1.5 percent after increasing 4.0 percent in 2003. Together, these two industries accounted for 6 percent of the economy.

Contributions to GDP growth. In 2004, private services-producing industries, which account for two-thirds of the economy, accounted for almost four-fifths (3.29 percentage points) of the 4.2-percent growth of the economy (chart 2). All private services-producing industry groups except utilities increased or maintained their percentage point contribution to the overall change in real GDP growth (table B). The largest contributions to real GDP growth were made by finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing industries (0.79 percentage point), professional and business services industries (0.73 percentage point), and information industries (0.56 percentage point).

Value-added prices. Private services-producing industries accounted for almost 60 percent (1.53 percentage points) of the 2.6-percent growth in GDP prices (chart 3). In 2003, these industries accounted for half (1.00 percentage point) of the 2.0-percent growth in GDP prices. In 2004, strong contributions to GDP price growth were made by the finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing industries (0.58 percentage point), professional and business services (0.31 percentage point), and educational services, health care, and social assistance (0.28 percentage point) (table E).

The new KLEMS estimates provide details on the impact of energy, materials, and purchased-services input prices on value-added prices. In 2003 and 2004, prices of energy and materials inputs consumed by private services-producing industries increased more than output prices, putting downward pressure on their value-added prices. Output prices for private services-producing industries increased 2.0 percent in 2003 and 2.6 percent in 2004. Prices of energy inputs consumed by these industries increased 12.8 percent in 2003 and 10.4 percent in 2004. Prices of materials inputs increased slightly more than output prices in 2003 and 2004. Consequently, profit margins were squeezed, and value-added price increases were less (1.5 percent in 2003 and 2.3 percent in 2004) than output price increases for these industries.

The same dynamic can be seen in the transportation and warehousing industry group. Energy inputs for industries in this group accounted for larger shares of the value of gross output (7 to 9 percent) than overall private services-producing industries (2 percent). Output prices of transportation and warehousing industries increased 3.3 percent in 2003 and 2.4 percent in 2004. Prices of energy inputs of these industries increased 15.9 percent in 2003 and 19.8 percent in 2004. Prices of materials and purchased-services inputs also increased slightly more than output prices in 2004. Consequently, profit margins were squeezed, and value-added price changes (a 1.9-percent increase in 2003 and a 0.5-percent decrease in 2004) were less than output price changes.

Information-communications-technology-producing industries

Real growth in ICT-producing industries accelerated more than any other industry group from 2.0 percent in 2002 to 6.7 percent in 2003 to 12.9 percent in 2004 (table A). In 2004, real growth was 21.1 percent in computer and electronic products manufacturing, 10.1 percent in publishing industries (includes software), 12.2 percent in information and data processing services, and 8.1 percent in computer systems design and related products.

In 2002, ICT-producing industries, which accounted for 4 percent of the economy, accounted for 5.0 percent (0.08 percentage point) of the 1.6-percent growth in real GDP (table B). In 2004, these industries accounted for 11 percent (0.47 percentage point) of the 4.2-percent growth in real GDP.

In 2004, ICT-producing industries' current-dollar value added increased 5.8 percent, reflecting a 7.7-percent increase in current-dollar output and a 9.5-percent increase in current-dollar intermediate inputs. Real value added increased 12.9 percent in 2004. The larger increase in real value added reflected the following: Gross output prices declined 2.5 percent, resulting in 10.5-percent growth in real gross output, while intermediate input prices rose 1.2 percent, resulting in real intermediate inputs growth of 8.2 percent.

Composition of value added

As noted, an industry's value added equals its gross output minus its consumption of intermediate (secondary) inputs. Value added consists of the incomes earned by the industry's primary inputs of labor and capital. The return to labor is approximated by the industry's compensation of employees; the return to capital is approximated by the industry's gross operating surplus plus taxes on production and imports, less subsidies.

In several industry groups, notably durable-goods manufacturing and information, returns to capital, as a share of value added, fell in 1998-2000 or 1998-2001 and then rose through 2004 (chart 4). (5) The annual changes in labor and capital shares were strongly influenced by changes in the gross operating surplus, which includes corporate profits, proprietors' income, and rental income of persons.

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For all private industries, the return to capital as a share of value added decreased from 46.3 percent in 1998 to 44.9 percent in 2001 and then increased gradually to 47.1 percent in 2004. The labor share of value added decreased from 55.0 percent in 2001 to 52.9 percent in 2004.

In ICT-producing industries, the return to capital as a share of value added decreased from 28.5 percent in 1998 to just 14.2 percent in 2001 and then rebounded sharply to 23.8 percent in 2004. This pattern reflected significantly lower corporate profits before tax in ICT-producing industries in 2001. The labor share of value added decreased from 85.8 percent in 2001 to 76.2 percent in 2004.

For private goods-producing industries, the return to capital as a share of value added decreased from 39.6 percent in 1998 to 36.9 percent in 2001 and then rebounded to 40.5 percent in 2004. The labor share of value added decreased from 63.1 percent in 2001 to 59.5 percent in 2004.

In private goods-producing industries, the durable-goods manufacturing industries' capital and labor shares stand out. Returns to capital as a share of value added decreased from 32.3 percent in 1998 to 25.0 percent in 2001 and then rebounded to 27.1 percent in 2004. The labor share decreased from 75.0 percent in 2001 to 72.9 percent in 2004.

For private services-producing industries, the return to capital as a share of value added decreased from 48.6 percent in 1998 to 46.7 percent in 2000 and then rebounded to 49.0 percent in 2004. The labor share decreased from 53.2 percent in 2000 to 51.0 percent in 2004. Among private services-producing industries, the information industries' returns to capital as a share of value added decreased from 51.4 percent in 1998 to 45.9 percent in 2000 and then rebounded strongly to 56.5 percent in 2004. The labor share decreased from 54.1 percent in 2000 to 43.5 percent in 2004.

For government, the return to labor increased from 83.7 percent to 85.7 percent. The Federal Government's return to labor as a share of value added increased from 76.5 percent in 1998 to 80.4 percent in 2004; state and local governments' labor share increased from 87.1 percent in 1998 to 88.3 percent in 2004.

Domestic Supply and Its Uses

Domestic supply

The value of commodities (goods and services) that are available for domestic use is termed "domestic supply." Domestic supply is reported for groups of related commodities and is estimated by detailed commodity as output by domestic producers plus imports (which increase domestic supply) less exports (which decrease domestic supply) less the change in private inventories (which increases domestic supply when withdrawals are made from inventories). Domestic supply is available for consumption as a final use--personal consumption expenditures, private fixed investment, government consumption expenditures, or gross investment--and for consumption as an intermediate input.

Imports as a share of domestic supply have risen since 1998 (chart 5). Imports of goods as a percent of total domestic supply increased 4.1 percentage points, from 16.9 percent in 1998 to 21.0 percent in 2004. The share of imported manufactured goods as a percent of the total supply of these goods increased 5.0 percentage points, from 20.4 percent to 25.4 percent. And the share of imported mining commodities as a percent of all mining commodities increased 10.6 percentage points, from 26.9 percent in 1998 to 37.5 percent in 2004.

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In contrast, imports accounted for only a small share of the domestic supply of services. In fact, domestic output accounted for more than 100 percent of the domestic supply of all services, and imports accounted for less than half of 1.0 percent in recent years. Notably, the import share of professional and business services, frequently associated with off-shoring, accounted for less than 1.0 percent of domestic supply in all years. Exports of all services were roughly 3 percent of the domestic supply in 1998-2004.

Uses of domestic supply

Domestic supply is consumed either as a final purchase or intermediate purchase. The value of final and intermediate purchases, as a percentage of domestic supply, varies widely by commodity (chart 6).

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Educational services, health care, and social assistance has the largest share of domestic supply consumed for final use (96.0 percent) and the smallest share for intermediate use (4.0 percent). Mining has the smallest share of domestic supply consumed for final use (13.0 percent) and the largest share for intermediate use (87.0 percent).

Overall, 48.0 percent of the domestic supply of all goods and 55.0 percent of the supply of all services were consumed for final use. The remaining 52.0 percent of the supply of goods and 45.0 percent of the supply of services were consumed as intermediate inputs.

Revisions

GDP-by-industry accounts

For 2004, the revised estimates of industry value added were prepared using the integrated annual GDP-by-industry and I-O accounts methodology (table G). More complete, more detailed, and more reliable source data were incorporated. The integrated accounts methodology combines these source data within an input-output framework that balances and reconciles industry production with commodity usage. The newly available source data include Census Bureau annual survey data on gross output, Bureau of Labor Statistics data on producer prices, and BEA estimates of final demand and industry returns to labor and capital from the 2005 annual revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs). The previously published estimates for 2004 were prepared using an abbreviated methodology.

For 2002 and 2003, the revised estimates incorporate revised NIPA estimates and, for manufacturing, newly available source data from the 2002 Census of Manufactures and the 2003 Annual Survey of Manufactures. The previously published manufacturing estimates for 2002 and 2003 reflected the use of Census M3 survey data.

The revised estimates for 2004 show more balanced growth among private goods-producing industries and private services-producing industries; growth in private goods-producing industries was revised up 0.8 percentage point to 3.9 percent; growth in private services-producing industries was revised down 0.2 percentage point to 4.9 percent (table H). Growth in all four private goods-producing industry groups was revised up. In private services-producing industries, a downward revision to growth in the finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing industries was more than offset by upward revisions to growth in the professional and business services industries and in information industries.

For 2003, the growth in private goods-producing industries was revised down 1.6 percentage points, reflecting downward revisions in nondurable- and durable-goods manufacturing industries. The downward revision to growth in nondurable-goods manufacturing for 2003 was widespread. The downward revision to growth in durable goods was concentrated in computer and electronic products; it also accounted for much of the downward revision to growth in ICT-producing industries in 2003.

Growth in private services-producing industries was essentially unrevised in 2003, reflecting large offsetting revisions to growth in the wholesale trade and information industry groups.

Input-output (I-O) accounts

The revised I-O tables for 2002-2003 incorporate revised source data on gross output and value added by industry and on the final uses of commodities. The effect of these revisions on the commodity estimates of each industry's intermediate inputs can be summarized by reviewing the number of commodity inputs with revisions greater than 1 percent of their industry's gross output.

Most commodity input values are small relative to their industry's gross output. In 2002, of the 3,668 total commodity inputs consumed by the 65 detailed industries, values for 2,995 inputs (81 percent) were less than or equal to 1 percent of their industry's gross output. Values for 673 inputs were more than 1 percent of their industry's gross output (table I).

In 2002, revisions to 19 commodity inputs equaled 1 percent or more of their industry's gross output (absolute value). Most of these revisions were less than 2 percent of gross output. In 2003, 38 commodity input estimate revisions exceeded 1 percent, but as in the results in 2002, most revisions were less than 2 percent of their respective gross output.

Changes in Source Data and Methodology

The revised estimates incorporated three major changes: (1) New source data and a new methodology for accounting for costs to transport commodities by truck, (2) an improved methodology for estimating implicitly priced commercial bank services, and (3) an improved methodology for estimating intermediate inputs of residential housing.

Truck transportation costs by commodity. The I-O accounts distribute the annual output of each commodity to final and intermediate (industry) consumers. This output is valued at producers' prices, defined as prices consistent with the receipts of producers, including any commodity taxes collected by the producer. To revalue commodities at purchasers' prices, meaning prices consistent with what consumers pay, the transportation costs of moving goods from producers to consumers, as well as trade margins, are added. To estimate truck transportation costs, the value of truck transportation output is distributed among the commodities that are trucked. Next, the resulting truck transportation cost for each commodity is distributed among final and intermediate consumers.

Under BEA's new approach, truck output is now distributed in proportion to the shipping revenue by commodity group as reported annually by trucking establishments for the Census Bureau's Service Annual Survey. Previously, truck output was distributed in proportion to the value of commodities trucked as reported in the Census Bureau's quinquennial Commodity Flow Survey. The improved source data and methodology account for differences in trucking costs for the various commodities and uses current-year information.

Borrowers and depositors consumption of commercial banks' implicitly priced output. BEA's accounts recognize that the interest margins charged by banks are substitutes for explicit fees for services produced by banks. A "user cost" methodology is used to measure these implicitly priced services. This methodology uses a "reference rate" of interest to identify the implicitly priced services consumed by borrowers and those consumed by depositors. The reference rate represents the risk-free opportunity cost to banks of lending and borrowing funds. Implicitly priced borrower services reflect the difference between the average rate of interest that banks charge borrowers and the reference rate; implicitly priced depositor services reflect the difference between the reference rate and the average rate of interest that banks pay depositors.

BEA incorporated a new methodology to calculate the reference rate of interest as part of the 2005 annual revision of the NIPAs. The new methodology excludes commercial bank holdings of mortgage-backed securities when calculating the reference rate of interest. Previously, the reference rate of interest was the effective rate of interest earned by banks on their holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and all Federal agency securities.

Because the reference rate of interest was revised down, the value of implicitly priced services for borrowers (largely industries) for 2002-2004 was revised up in all years, and industries' value added was revised down by a corresponding amount. The downward revision to value added is recorded in GDP as a downward revision to depositors' (largely households) final consumption of implicitly priced bank services.

Intermediate inputs of residential housing. BEA's methodology to estimate maintenance and repair expenses of residential housing now reflects a growth rate based on a 3-year moving average calculated with data from the Census Bureau's Expenditures for Residential Improvements and Repairs (C-50) report. The revised estimates of maintenance and repair expenses are reflected in estimates of value added--specifically, the gross operating surplus--for real estate. This new methodology was incorporated into the NIPAs during the last annual update. Previously, maintenance and repair expenses reflected current-year growth in estimates from the C-50 report.

Appendix: Annual Industry Accounts Methodology

The annual input-output (I-O) accounts and the GDP-by-Industry accounts are created using an integrated methodology that makes the annual estimates of gross output, intermediate inputs, and value added by industry more timely and consistent than previously possible. (6) Industry estimates are published for 63 detailed industries, as defined by the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Commodity estimates are published at the same level of detail plus four unique commodities. (7) Estimates of final uses and value added are also included in the annual publication. Compared with previous methodologies, the integrated methodology is applied at a finer level of industry and commodity detail to enhance the accuracy of aggregate level estimates.

The integrated annual I-O accounts and GDP-by-industry accounts are prepared in five steps.

Step one. Industry estimates of current-dollar value added for 2002-2004 are extrapolated forward from the annual industry accounts estimates for 2001, which were not revised, by the percentage changes in the annual estimates of gross domestic income (GDI) from the NIPAs. The GDI-by-industry estimates consist of compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus. Additionally, BEA uses data on employment to convert the corporate data on profits before tax, net interest, and capital consumption allowances from an enterprise basis to an establishment basis. Finally, the statistical discrepancy, the difference between GDI and GDP from the NIPAs, is distributed among the industries. In general, annual revisions to the industry estimates of value added largely reflect revisions to the components of GDI and to the statistical discrepancy from the annual NIPA revision.

Step two. Industry estimates of gross domestic output for 2002-2004 are extrapolated from the 2001 estimates. The extrapolators for these estimates are prepared using a wide array of source data, which include surveys from the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002 Economic Census data for manufacturing, and other data. (8) Annual revisions to industry estimates of gross output are due to revisions in these source data.

Step three. The initial commodity composition of intermediate inputs is calculated for each industry by a process that uses the direct requirements coefficients from 2001. First, the industry's gross output for a given year is revalued in the commodity prices of the previous year. Next, the revalued gross output is multiplied by the industry's direct requirements coefficients from 2001. (9) Finally, the resulting commodity estimates of intermediate inputs for the industry are revalued in the commodity prices of the current year.

Step four. The domestic supply of each commodity and the commodity composition of each GDP expenditure component are estimated. The initial commodity compositions for these expenditure components are estimated using commodity-flow relationships from the revised 1997 benchmark I-O accounts. The annual I-O use tables are then balanced using a biproportional adjustment procedure to ensure that intermediate and final use of commodities is consistent with domestic supply, that intermediate use is consistent with gross output and value added, and that final use is consistent with the final expenditure components from the NIPAs. The measures of gross output, intermediate inputs, and value added are then incorporated into the GDP-by-industry accounts.

Step five. Price and quantity indexes for the GDP-by-industry accounts are prepared in three steps. First, indexes are derived for gross output by separately deflating each commodity produced by an industry that is included as part of its gross output. Next, indexes for intermediate inputs are derived by deflating all commodities that are consumed by an industry as intermediate inputs in the annual I-O use tables. (10) Finally, indexes for value added by industry are calculated using the double-deflation method in which real value added is computed as the difference between real gross output and real intermediate inputs. (11)

A box on the annual I-O tables and the health care industry, a guide to the annual industry accounts tables, and tables 1-24 follow.

Acknowledgments

George M. Smith, Assistant to the Chief of the Current Industry Analysis Division (CIAD), supervised the preparation of this year's annual revision of the Annual Industry Accounts. Sumiye Okubo, Associate Director for Industry Accounts, and Ann M. Lawson, Chief of the Current Industry Analysis Division, provided overall guidance. Pat A. Wilkinson provided secretarial and program assistance.

Kevin B. Barefoot, Thomas F. Howells III, Anna M. Jacobson, Paul V. Kern, Ann M. Lawson, Sarah R. Mattingly, William H. Nicolls IV, Erich H. Strassner, and Cameron T. Vincent helped prepare this article.

Felicia V. Candela and William H. Nicolls IV developed and operated the computer systems that were used to compile, check, analyze, and report the final estimates. Other CIAD staff that made significant contributions to the annual revision are listed below by area of expertise.

Agriculture, business services, and personal services: Sherlene K.S. Lum, Matthew J. Gruenberg, Tameka R.L. Harris, and Brian M. Lindberg. Transportation, utilities, and government: Paul V. Kern, Greg R. Linder, Sarah R. Mattingly, and Cameron T. Vincent. Mining, construction, manufacturing, trade: Robert J. McCahill, Kevin B. Barefoot, Anna M. Jacobson, Amanda C. Roberts, and Shawn L. Snyder. Value added, real measures, prices: Erich H. Strassner, Thomas F. Howells III, Gabriel W. Medeiros, and Conrad E. Roesch.

Emily J. Dozier, Karen J. Horowitz, Mark A. Planting, and Robert E. Yuskavage of the Industry Accounts Directorate provided valuable assistance to the review of the estimates. Staff members of the Office of the Chief Information Officer, particularly Stephen P. Holliday, Brian D. Kajutti, Paul A. Kilday, Douglas J. Klear, Janice E. Townsend, and Rajeshwari R. Bhosale helped reengineer the data-processing applications that were used to prepare the estimates.

RELATED ARTICLE: Gross output: annual industry estimates and preliminary benchmark I-O estimates.

This revision of the annual industry accounts includes revised estimates of industry and commodity gross output for 2002. These estimates differ from the preliminary estimates of gross output from the 2002 benchmark input-output (I-O) accounts that BEA published in September 2005. (1) While the previously published annual estimates did a relatively good job of capturing overall growth across industries, there are some differences.

For the annual industry accounts, estimates of gross output are prepared by extrapolating corresponding estimates of gross output from the 1997 benchmark I-O accounts using related annual indicators of change in gross output. These indicators are drawn from a wide array of annual survey data such as the Census Bureau's Service Annual Survey. (2) Although the annual survey-based indicators provide timely "best change" data on gross output, they are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. These errors accumulate as the extrapolation period gets further away from the benchmark I-O accounts reference year (in this case, 1997). In addition, estimates in the annual industry accounts, including gross output, are adjusted within a balanced input-output framework that makes these estimates fully consistent with the most recent estimates of final demand from BEA's national income and product accounts.

For the 2002 benchmark I-O accounts, preliminary estimates of gross output for most industries and commodities are prepared with "best level" data that are drawn from the Census Bureau's quinquennial Economic Census. Though subject to further revision by the Census Bureau, these preliminary data are comprehensive in their coverage of establishments within each industry. They are only slightly affected by sampling error. Therefore, the preliminary estimates of gross output from the 2002 benchmark I-O accounts are expected to be more accurate than the corresponding 2002 estimates from the annual industry accounts, particularly for industries and commodities where Economic Census data are available.

Final estimates of gross output from the 2002 benchmark I-O accounts, scheduled to be published in the summer of 2007, will be incorporated into the annual industry accounts during the next comprehensive revision, scheduled for publication in 2009. Other estimates from the 2002 benchmark I-O accounts, and the results of the 2008 comprehensive revision of the national income and product accounts will also be incorporated into the annual industry accounts at that time.

Matthew J. Gruenberg

(1.) For more information about the preliminary estimates of gross output estimates in the 2002 benchmark I-O accounts and their relationship with corresponding (pre-2005 annual revision) estimates from the annual industry accounts, see Karla L. Stanley-Allen, Nicholas R. Empey, Douglas S. Meade, Stanislaw J. Rzeznik, Mary L. Streitwieser, and Monica S. Strople, "Preview of the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for 2002," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 85 (September 2005): 66-77.

(2.) For a more complete list of gross output extrapolators by industry, see Brian C. Moyer, Mark A. Planting, Mahnaz Fahim-Nader, and Sherlene K.S. Lum, "Preview of the Comprehensive Revision of the Annual Industry Accounts," SURVEY 84 (March 2004): 38-51.

RELATED ARTICLE: Annual input-output tables and the health care industry, 1998-2004.

The annual input-output (I-O) tables available from the annual industry accounts provide useful tools for analyzing structural changes in the U.S. economy. They show how industries provide input to, and use output from, each other to produce gross domestic product (GDP), providing detailed information on the flows of goods and services in the production processes of industries.

The annual I-O accounts consist of a standard make table, a standard use table, and six supplementary tables (make, use, and four requirements). The industries in the standard tables are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), as are the industries in the GDP-by-industry accounts. The supplementary tables provide estimates after redefinitions are made. Redefinitions are made when the input structure for a secondary product of an industry differs significantly from the input structure for the primary product of that industry. (1) The usefulness of these tables can be illustrated by using them to examine the health care services and social assistance (HCSA) industry group. (2)

Make and use tables

Make table. The rows in the standard make table show the commodities produced by each industry, and the columns show the industries that produce each commodity. In Table A, extracted from the 2004 summary make table, the shaded diagonal cells represent the value of production of each commodity by its primary producer. The off-diagonal cells in each row represent the value of production of each industry's secondary commodities. The off-diagonal cells in each column represent the production by secondary producers of the commodity.

For example, the general state and local government (GSLG) industry is shown to produce the widest array of commodities of any industry in the economy and to have a total output that exceeds the total output of any other industry except real estate. The make table shows that GSLG is a major producer of HCSA output, accounting for 11.0 percent ($157.8 billion) of GSLG's total output ($1,440.7 billion) in 2004. The 1998 make table shows that GSLG accounted for 9.7 percent ($97.5 billion) of HCSA's total output ($1,008.6 billion).

In 2004, the GSLG industry also produced 10.9 percent ($157.8 billion) of total HCSA commodity output ($1,442.4 billion), compared with 10.2 percent ($97.5 billion) of the total ($952.5 billion) in 1998. This 0.7-percentage-point increase indicates that GSLG increased its production of HCSA services an average of 8.8 percent per year and produced $60.3 billion more of these services in 2004 than in 1998. In turn, the HCSA industries' production of their primary products, HCSA commodities, decreased over this time period, with production shifting to the GSLG industry.

Use table. The standard use table shows the use of commodities by industries and by final users. The rows show the value of each commodity used by each industry or by each final user. This can be seen as a commodity's market. The columns show the use of commodities (materials, energy, and purchased services) as intermediate inputs and the compensation of employees (labor) and gross operating surplus and taxes on production and imports, less subsidies (capital) as value added inputs by industries to produce their output. This can be seen as an industry's production function. Table B shows the total output of HCSA industries (column) was $1,298.3 billion and the value of all intermediate inputs consumed by these industries was 38 percent ($495.6 billion) of the value of their output. Table B also shows how the supply of HCSA commodities available for domestic consumption (row) is consumed by final users. In 2004, personal consumption of HCSA services commodities was 98.1 percent ($1,414.7 billion) of the value of domestic production of these commodities ($1,442.4 billion).

The use table also shows that the ambulatory health care services industry consumed, as intermediate inputs, 1.5 percent ($9.3 billion) of all ambulatory health care services produced. The GSLG industry consumed less than 1 percent ($3.1 billion) of all ambulatory health care services and 1 percent ($6.0 billion) of all hospital and nursing and residential care facilities services as intermediate inputs. A comparison of the 2004 use table with the 1998 use table shows that these consumption patterns have changed little; the output of HCSA industries increased an average of 7.0 percent per year from $863.8 billion in 1998 to $1,298.3 billion in 2004.

Supplementary tables

The supplementary make and use tables are derived from the standard tables after redefinitions are made. Four supplementary requirements tables are derived from the supplementary make and use tables.

Commodity-by-industry direct requirements table. This table shows the amount of a commodity required by each industry to produce a dollar of that industry's output. Each column represents an industry; each row represents a commodity. Column cells show the amount of each commodity needed to produce a dollar of that industry's output. For example, in 2004, to produce $1 billion of output, the industry "social assistance" directly requires $0.598 billion ($1 billion x 0.598) of value added and $0.402 billion ($1 billion x 0.402) of intermediate inputs.

Commodity-by-commodity total requirements table. This table shows the commodity production required, directly and indirectly, to produce a dollar of a given commodity for final use. Each column represents a given commodity; column cells shows the commodities that are needed to produce that commodity. The commodities needed for production are shown on the rows. For example, in 2004, providing $1 billion of ambulatory health care services would require $1.015 billion ($1 billion x 1.015) of ambulatory health care services, $0.058 billion ($1 billion x 0.058) of real estate, $0.055 billion ($1 billion x 0.055) of administrative and support services, and so on. (3)

The total commodity output multiplier for ambulatory health care services is 1.580 (the sum of all the entries in the column). The total dollar change in the output of all commodities that is required for an additional $1 billion of ambulatory health care services delivered to final users is $1.580 billion ($1 billion x 1.580).

Industry-by-commodity total requirements table. This table shows the production required directly and indirectly by industries to produce a dollar of a commodity for final use. Each column represents a commodity and each row an industry. Each column cell shows the industries that need to provide output to produce that commodity. The 2004 table shows that in order to provide final users with an additional $1 billion of hospital services commodity, the hospitals industry is required to produce $0.814 billion ($1 billion x 0.814) of industry output; the general state and local government industry must produce $0.191 billion ($1 billion x 0.191) of industry output, and so on.

The total industry output multiplier for the hospitals commodity is 1.768 (the sum of all the entries in the column). The total dollar change in the output of all industries that is required for an additional $1 billion of hospital services delivered to final uses is $1.768 billion ($1 billion x 1.768).

Industry-by-industry total requirements table. This table shows the production required directly and indirectly to produce a dollar of an industry's output for final use. Each column represents an industry, and column cells show how much other industries supply to produce that industry's output.

For example, in 2004, providing final users with $1 billion of ambulatory health care services output would require the ambulatory health care services industry to produce $1.015 billion ($1 billion x 1.015) of output, the real estate industry to produce $0.058 billion ($1 billion x 0.058) of output, and so on.

The total industry output multiplier for the ambulatory health care services industry is 1.571. The total dollar change in the output of all industries that is required for an additional $1 billion of output from the ambulatory health care services industry is $1.571 billion ($1 billion x 1.571).

(1.) When an industry's output is redefined, the output and inputs of one or more secondary products are moved to the industries identified as the primary producers of the products. Industry outputs differ between the standard and the supplementary tables, but commodity outputs are the same. Redefinitions are made to derive homogeneous production data on which traditional I-O analysis depends.

(2.) The health care and social assistance industry group consists of the ambulatory health care services, "hospitals and nursing and residential care services," and social assistance industries.

(3.) A coefficient greater than one (on the diagonal) indicates that for a particular commodity, the coefficient includes the dollar increase in demand for that commodity, plus other direct and indirect inputs of that commodity to produce the commodity for final use.

Brian M. Lindberg, Greg R. Linder, Shawn L. Snyder, Cameron T. Vincent

Table A. The Make of Commodities by Industries, 2004

[Billions of dollars]

 Goods (1) Services (2)

 Health
 care and
 social
 assistance

 Industries/Commodities Total Total Total

Total goods-producing
 industries (1) 5,929.6 82.3 ...
Total services-producing
 industries (2) 120.2 12,807.6 1,284.1
 Total health care and
 social assistance 0.8 1,297.5 1,283.7
 Ambulatory health care
 services ... 608.7 600.6
 Hospitals and nursing
 and residential care
 facilities 0.8 570.8 566.3
 Social assistance ... 118.0 116.8
Total government 22.1 451.8 158.3
 State and local general
 government 19.9 298.5 157.8

Total commodity output 6,071.9 13,341.7 1,442.4

 Services (2)

 Health care and social assistance

 Hospitals and
 Ambulatory nursing and
 Industries/Commodities health care residential Social
 services care assistance
 facilities

Total goods-producing
 industries (1) ... ... ...
Total services-producing
 industries (2) 607.0 560.2 116.9
 Total health care and
 social assistance 606.7 560.2 116.8
 Ambulatory health care
 services 600.6 ... ...
 Hospitals and nursing
 and residential care
 facilities 6.2 560.2 ...
 Social assistance ... 0.0 116.8
Total government 27.4 128.3 2.7
 State and local general
 government 27.4 127.8 2.7

Total commodity output 634.3 688.5 119.6

 Government

 State and Total
Industries/Commodities Total local general industry
 government output (3)

Total goods-producing
 industries (1) ... ... 5,987.3
Total services-producing
 industries (2) 1.0 ... 12,907.9
 Total health care and
 social assistance ... ... 1,298.3
 Ambulatory health care
 services ... ... 608.7
 Hospitals and nursing
 and residential care
 facilities ... ... 571.6
 Social assistance ... ... 118.0
Total government 1,974.2 1,119.6 2,450.8
 State and local general
 government 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,440.7

Total commodity output 1,975.2 1,119.6 21,346.0

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting:
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade: retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information: finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services, and other services,
except government.

(3.) Includes noncomparable imports, scrap, used goods,
inventory valuation adjustment, and rest-of-the-world
adjustments.

Table B. The Use of Commodities by Industries, 2004

[Billions of dollars]

 Goods (1) Services (2)

 Health
 care and
 social
 assistance

 Commodities/Industries Total Total Total

Total privately-produced
 goods (1) 2,262.5 961.7 122.2
Total privately-produced
 services (2) 1,381.8 3,842.7 359.6
 Total health care and social
 assistance ... 10.1 9.5
 Ambulatory health care
 services ... 10.1 9.5
 Hospitals and nursing and
 residential care
 facilities ... ... ...
 Social assistance ... 0.0 ...
Total government 4.5 0.0 0.0
 State and local general
 government ... ... ...
Total intermediate inputs 3,704.2 4,940.0 495.6
Total value added (3) 2,283.1 7,967.9 802.7
Total industry output (4) 5,987.3 12,907.9 1,298.3

 Services (2)

 Health care and social assistance

 Hospitals
 Ambulatory and
 health nursing and Social
 Commodities/Industries care residential assistance
 services care
 facilities

Total privately-produced
 goods (1) 44.6 63.5 14.2
Total privately-produced
 services (2) 145.2 182.2 32.1
 Total health care and social
 assistance 9.3 0.3 ...
 Ambulatory health care
 services 9.3 0.3 ...
 Hospitals and nursing and
 residential care
 facilities ... ... ...
 Social assistance ... ... ...
Total government 0.0 7.1 0.8
 State and local general
 government ... ... ...
Total intermediate inputs 195.7 252.8 47.2
Total value added (3) 413.0 318.8 70.9
Total industry output (4) 608.7 571.6 118.0

 Government

 State and Total
 Commodities/Industries Total local general intermediate
 government use

Total privately-produced
 goods (1) 308.8 162.8 3,533.1
Total privately-produced
 services (2) 611.2 332.8 5,835.8
 Total health care and social
 assistance 17.6 15.6 27.7
 Ambulatory health care
 services 3.7 3.1 13.8
 Hospitals and nursing and
 residential care
 facilities 7.3 6.0 7.3
 Social assistance 6.6 6.5 6.6
Total government 9.1 5.5 74.8
 State and local general
 government ... ... ...
Total intermediate inputs 967.5 509.2 9,611.8
Total value added (3) 1,483.3 931.4 ...
Total industry output (4) 2,450.8 1,440.7 ...

 Personal Total Total
 Commodities/Industries consumption final uses commodity
 expenditures (GDP) output

Total privately-produced
 goods (1) 1,477.4 2,538.8 6,071.9
Total privately-produced
 services (2) 6,673.9 7,505.9 13,341.7
 Total health care and social
 assistance 1,414.7 1,414.7 1,442.4
 Ambulatory health care
 services 620.5 620.5 634.3
 Hospitals and nursing and
 residential care
 facilities 681.2 681.2 688.5
 Social assistance 113.0 113.0 119.6
Total government 53.3 1,900.4 1,975.2
 State and local general
 government ... 1,119.6 1,119.6
Total intermediate inputs ... ... ...
Total value added (3) ... 11,734.3 ...
Total industry output (4) 8,214.3 ... 21,346.0

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of compensation of employees; taxes on production
and imports, less subsidies; and gross operating surplus.

(4.) Includes noncomparable imports, scrap, used goods, inventory
valuation adjustment, and rest-of-the-world adjustments.

(1.) See Erich H. Strassner and Thomas F. Howells III, "Annual Industry Accounts: Advance Estimates for 2004," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 85 (May 2005): 7-19.

(2.) See Erich H. Strassner, Gabriel M. Medeiros, and George M. Smith, "Annual Industry Accounts: Introducing KLEMS Input Estimates for 1997-2003," SURVEY 85 (September 2005): 31-65.

(3.) An industry's share of current-dollar GDP is a better indicator of its relative size in the economy than its share of real GDP because an industry's share of real GDP expressed in chained dollars is dependent on the choice of a reference year. Chained dollar industry estimates of value added will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar estimate of GDP. This is because relative prices used as weights for any period other than the reference year (2000) differ from those of the reference year. For periods further from the reference year, this difference tends to be larger, and the resulting chained-dollar estimates less additive and possibly misleading.

(4.) For more information on value-added price indexes, see the box on page 77.

(5.) Estimates for 1998-2004 are prepared using the integrated annual input output (I-O) accounts and GDP-by-industry accounts methodology (see the appendix).

(6.) For more information pertaining to the integrated annual industry accounts, see Brian C. Moyer, Mark A. Planting, Mahnaz Fahim-Nader, and Sherlene K.S. Lum, "Preview of the Comprehensive Revision of the Annual Industry Accounts," SURVEY 84 (March 2004): 38-51.

(7.) These special commodities consist of noncomparable imports; scrap, used and secondhand goods; rest of the world adjustment to final uses; and inventory valuation adjustment.

(8.) The estimates of the commodity composition of extrapolated industry gross output are largely consistent with the 1997 benchmark I-O relationships for nonmanufacturing industries and with current survey data for manufacturing industries.

(9.) Direct requirements coefficients specify the amount of each commodity required by the industry to produce a dollar of output.

(10.) For the source data used to prepare the commodity price indexes for deflation, see Moyer et al. 48-49.

(11.) Separate estimates of gross output and intermediate inputs are combined in a Fisher index-number formula in order to generate the indexes for value added by industry. This method is preferred because it requires the fewest assumptions about the relationships among gross output by industry and intermediate inputs by industry.

Table A. Growth in Real Value Added by Industry Group

Line 2001 2002 2003

 1 Gross domestic product 0.8 1.6 2.7

 2 Private industries 0.9 1.4 2.8
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting -6.3 5.5 7.6
 4 Mining -5.3 -6.3 -1.5
 5 Utilities -4.9 4.3 7.8
 6 Construction 0.2 -2.0 -1.3

 7 Manufacturing -5.6 2.8 1.9
 8 Durable goods -6.0 1.7 4.3
 9 Nondurable goods -5.0 4.2 -1.2
 10 Wholesale trade 7.0 1.0 2.2
 11 Retail trade 7.0 2.2 3.6

 12 Transportation and warehousing -2.6 2.2 3.7
 13 Information 4.0 2.1 2.7
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 3.9 0.9 3.4
 15 Professional and business services -0.7 -0.2 3.2
 16 Educational services, health care, and
 social assistance 3.2 4.2 2.8
 17 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services -0.7 1.7 2.9
 18 Other services, except government -1.7 0.3 1.1

 19 Government 0.8 1.7 1.3

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing industries (1) -4.3 1.3 1.2
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 2.6 1.5 3.2
 22 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -0.4 2.0 6.7

 Average
 annual
Line 2004 rate of
 change
 1995-2000

 1 Gross domestic product 4.2 4.1

 2 Private industries 4.7 4.6
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting 1.8 6.5
 4 Mining 2.3 -1.1
 5 Utilities 1.1 1.3
 6 Construction 2.5 3.0

 7 Manufacturing 4.8 5.4
 8 Durable goods 6.3 8.9
 9 Nondurable goods 2.7 0.4
 10 Wholesale trade 4.6 7.2
 11 Retail trade 6.4 6.5

 12 Transportation and warehousing 4.0 4.4
 13 Information 12.8 8.0
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 3.8 4.4
 15 Professional and business services 6.4 5.3
 16 Educational services, health care, and
 social assistance 3.2 1.4
 17 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 3.0 3.7
 18 Other services, except government 1.2 0.1

 19 Government 1.0 1.2

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing industries (1) 3.9 4.7
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 4.9 4.6
 22 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) 12.9 22.1

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

Table B. Contributions to Growth in Real Gross Domestic Product
by Industry Group

Line 2001 2002 2003

 Percent change:
 1 Gross domestic product 0.8 1.6 2.7

 Percentage points:
 2 Private industries 0.80 1.25 2.40
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
 and hunting -0.06 0.05 0.07
 4 Mining -0.07 -0.07 -0.02
 5 Utilities -0.10 0.08 0.15
 6 Construction 0.01 -0.09 -0.06

 7 Manufacturing -0.80 0.36 0.24
 8 Durable goods -0.51 0.13 0.31
 9 Nondurable goods -0.29 0.23 -0.07
 10 Wholesale trade 0.41 0.06 0.13
 11 Retail trade 0.46 0.15 0.24

 12 Transportation and warehousing -0.08 0.07 0.11
 13 Information 0.19 0.10 0.12
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 0.76 0.19 0.70
 15 Finance and insurance 0.33 0.17 0.47
 16 Real estate and rental and leasing 0.43 0.01 0.24

 17 Professional and business services -0.08 -0.02 0.36
 18 Professional, scientific, and
 technical services 0.04 -0.10 0.15
 19 Management of companies and
 enterprises -0.03 0.05 0.06
 20 Administrative and waste
 management services -0.08 0.03 0.15

 21 Educational services, health care,
 and social assistance 0.22 0.31 0.21
 22 Educational services 0.00 0.02 0.01
 23 Health care and social assistance 0.22 0.29 0.20
 24 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services -0.03 0.06 0.11
 25 Arts, entertainment, and
 recreation 0.03 0.03 0.01
 26 Accommodation and food services -0.05 0.03 0.10
 27 Other services, except government -0.04 0.01 0.03

 28 Government 0.10 0.21 0.16
 29 Federal -0.06 0.08 0.08
 30 State and local 0.16 0.13 0.09

 Addenda:
 31 Private goods-producing industries (1) -0.92 0.25 0.23
 Private services-producing
 32 industries (2) 1.72 1.00 2.17
 33 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -0.01 0.08 0.26

 Average
 annual
Line 2004 rate of
 change
 1995-2000

 Percent change:
 1 Gross domestic product 4.2 4.1

 Percentage points:
 2 Private industries 4.05 4.04
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
 and hunting 0.02 0.08
 4 Mining 0.03 -0.01
 5 Utilities 0.02 0.02
 6 Construction 0.12 0.12

 7 Manufacturing 0.59 0.83
 8 Durable goods 0.44 0.80
 9 Nondurable goods 0.14 0.03
 10 Wholesale trade 0.27 0.44
 11 Retail trade 0.43 0.44

 12 Transportation and warehousing 0.12 0.14
 13 Information 0.56 0.35
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 0.79 0.84
 15 Finance and insurance 0.08 0.47
 16 Real estate and rental and leasing 0.70 0.37

 17 Professional and business services 0.73 0.57
 18 Professional, scientific, and
 technical services 0.47 0.43
 19 Management of companies and
 enterprises 0.11 0.02
 20 Administrative and waste
 management services 0.15 0.11

 21 Educational services, health care,
 and social assistance 0.25 0.09
 22 Educational services 0.01 0.02
 23 Health care and social assistance 0.24 0.08
 24 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 0.11 0.13
 25 Arts, entertainment, and
 recreation 0.02 0.03
 26 Accommodation and food services 0.09 0.10
 27 Other services, except government 0.03 0.00

 28 Government 0.12 0.15
 29 Federal 0.06 -0.02
 30 State and local 0.06 0.17

 Addenda:
 31 Private goods-producing industries (1) 0.75 1.02
 Private services-producing
 32 industries (2) 3.29 3.03
 33 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) 0.47 0.89

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance,
real estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business
services; educational services, health care, and social
assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation,
and food services; and other services, except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent
change in gross domestic product because the contribution of
"not allocated by industry" is excluded.

Table C. Value Added by Industry Group as a Percentage
of Gross Domestic Product

Line 2001 2002 2003 2004

 1 Gross domestic product 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 2 Private industries 87.6 87.2 87.1 87.4
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2
 4 Mining 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.5
 5 Utilities 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
 6 Construction 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

 7 Manufacturing 13.2 12.9 12.5 12.1
 8 Durable goods 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.0
 9 Nondurable goods 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.1
 10 Wholesale trade 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.9
 11 Retail trade 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.7

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8
 13 Information 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 20.3 20.5 20.6 20.6
 15 Professional and business
 services 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.5
 16 Educational services, health
 care, and social
 assistance 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.7
 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation, accommodation,
 and food services 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
 18 Other services, except
 government 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

 19 Government 12.4 12.8 12.9 12.6

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 20.0 19.5 19.4 19.5
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 67.6 67.8 67.7 67.9
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing
 industries (3) 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance,
real estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business
services; educational services, health care, and social
assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation,
and food services; and other services, except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

Table D. Percent Changes in Chain-Type Price Indexes
for Value Added by Industry Group

Line 2001 2002 2003

 1 Gross domestic product 2.4 1.7 2.0

 2 Private industries 2.0 1.5 1.9
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting 6.6 -7.5 11.2
 4 Mining 3.3 -4.2 35.6
 5 Utilities 12.4 -1.7 -0.4
 6 Construction 7.5 4.8 5.3

 7 Manufacturing -0.4 -1.9 -0.6
 8 Durable goods -4.3 -2.2 -2.8
 9 Nondurable goods 5.5 -1.4 2.3
 10 Wholesale trade -4.1 0.4 0.6
 11 Retail trade -2.4 1.8 0.8

 12 Transportation and warehousing 1.1 0.3 1.9
 13 Information 0.0 -0.9 -0.8
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 2.7 3.1 2.0
 15 Professional and business services 2.9 2.1 0.7
 16 Educational services, health care, and
 social assistance 5.6 3.8 3.5
 17 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 4.0 3.7 1.5
 18 Other services, except government 7.2 4.2 3.5

 19 Government 3.8 4.6 4.4

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing industries (1) 1.8 -0.8 3.2
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 2.1 2.2 1.5
 22 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -8.6 -3.7 -5.3

 Average
 annual
Line 2004 rate of
 change
 1995-2000

 1 Gross domestic product 2.6 1.7

 2 Private industries 2.5 1.4
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting 21.8 -5.1
 4 Mining 18.1 11.6
 5 Utilities 4.5 -0.4
 6 Construction 7.0 5.6

 7 Manufacturing -1.0 -1.4
 8 Durable goods -1.3 -3.6
 9 Nondurable goods -0.6 1.9
 10 Wholesale trade 4.9 -1.7
 11 Retail trade -1.1 -1.3

 12 Transportation and warehousing -0.5 1.4
 13 Information -2.9 0.3
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 2.8 2.4
 15 Professional and business services 2.8 3.5
 16 Educational services, health care, and
 social assistance 3.6 3.5
 17 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 3.3 3.3
 18 Other services, except government 3.8 4.8

 19 Government 3.9 2.7

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing industries (1) 3.3 0.3
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 2.3 1.8
 22 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -6.3 -9.0

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

Table E. Contributions to Percent Change in the Chain-Type Price
Index for Gross Domestic Product by Industry Group

Line 2001 2002 2003

 Percent change:
 1 Gross domestic product 2.4 1.7 2.0

 Percentage points:
 2 Private industries 1.79 1.31 1.62
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting 0.06 -0.07 0.10
 4 Mining 0.04 -0.05 0.35
 5 Utilities 0.23 -0.03 -0.01
 6 Construction 0.33 0.22 0.24

 7 Manufacturing -0.05 -0.25 -0.08
 8 Durable goods -0.36 -0.17 -0.21
 9 Nondurable goods 0.31 -0.08 0.12
 10 Wholesale trade -0.26 0.02 0.04
 11 Retail trade -0.17 0.13 0.05

 12 Transportation and warehousing 0.04 0.01 0.05
 13 Information 0.00 -0.04 -0.04
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 0.53 0.62 0.42
 15 Finance and insurance 0.10 0.22 0.12
 16 Real estate and rental and leasing 0.44 0.40 0.29

 17 Professional and business services 0.33 0.24 0.08
 18 Professional, scientific, and
 technical services 0.20 0.17 0.05
 19 Management of companies and
 enterprises -0.02 0.01 0.01
 20 Administrative and waste
 management services 0.15 0.07 0.01

 21 Educational services, health care,
 and social assistance 0.39 0.28 0.27
 22 Educational services 0.06 0.06 0.05
 23 Health care and social assistance 0.33 0.22 0.22
 24 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 0.14 0.13 0.06
 25 Arts, entertainment, and
 recreation 0.04 0.03 0.03
 26 Accommodation and food services 0.10 0.10 0.03
 27 Other services, except government 0.16 0.10 0.08

 28 Government 0.46 0.58 0.55
 29 Federal 0.13 0.23 0.21
 30 State and local 0.33 0.34 0.35

 Addenda:
 31 Private goods-producing industries (1) 0.39 -0.16 0.61
 32 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 1.40 1.46 1.00
 33 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -0.41 -0.16 -0.22

 Average
 annual
Line 2004 rate of
 change
 1995-
 2000
 Percent change:
 1 Gross domestic product 2.6 1.7

 Percentage points:
 2 Private industries 2.18 1.22
 3 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and
 hunting 0.23 -0.06
 4 Mining 0.23 0.12
 5 Utilities 0.09 -0.01
 6 Construction 0.32 0.23

 7 Manufacturing -0.13 -0.22
 8 Durable goods -0.10 -0.34
 9 Nondurable goods -0.03 0.12
 10 Wholesale trade 0.29 -0.11
 11 Retail trade -0.07 -0.09

 12 Transportation and warehousing -0.01 0.04
 13 Information -0.13 0.01
 14 Finance, insurance, real estate,
 rental, and leasing 0.58 0.46
 15 Finance and insurance 0.30 0.13
 16 Real estate and rental and leasing 0.28 0.33

 17 Professional and business services 0.31 0.38
 18 Professional, scientific, and
 technical services 0.05 0.15
 19 Management of companies and
 enterprises 0.15 0.11
 20 Administrative and waste
 management services 0.11 0.12

 21 Educational services, health care,
 and social assistance 0.28 0.24
 22 Educational services 0.05 0.04
 23 Health care and social assistance 0.22 0.20
 24 Arts, entertainment, recreation,
 accommodation, and food services 0.12 0.11
 25 Arts, entertainment, and
 recreation 0.03 0.04
 26 Accommodation and food services 0.09 0.08
 27 Other services, except government 0.09 0.11

 28 Government 0.49 0.34
 29 Federal 0.19 0.11
 30 State and local 0.30 0.23

 Addenda:
 31 Private goods-producing industries (1) 0.65 0.07
 32 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 1.53 1.15
 33 Information-communications-technology-
 producing industries (3) -0.25 -0.42

(1.) Consists of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing,

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information: finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent
change in gross domestic product because the contribution of
'not allocated by industry' is excluded.

Table F. Comparison of Input and Output Price Changes

[Number of industries whose intermediate input prices increased
faster or decreased slower than their output prices]

 2001 2002 2003 2004

All industries (65 industries) 12 20 44 42
 Private goods-producing (25 industries) 6 12 18 18
 Manufacturing (19 industries) 4 9 16 16
 Private services-producing
 (36 industries) 6 8 23 21
 Government (4 in industries) 0 0 3 3

Table G. Revisions to Value Added by Industry Group

[Billions of dollars]

 2002

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 10,487.0 10,469.6 -17.4

 2 Private industries 9,154.1 9,131.2 -22.9
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 96.9 95.4 -1.5
 4 Mining 104.9 106.5 1.6
 5 Utilities 210.7 207.3 -3.3
 6 Construction 479.1 482.3 3.2

 7 Manufacturing 1,347.2 1,352.6 5.5
 8 Durable goods 771.9 774.8 2.9
 9 Nondurable goods 575.3 577.9 2.6
 10 Wholesale trade 624.9 615.4 -9.6
 11 Retail trade 744.3 719.6 -24.7

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 304.4 304.6 0.1
 13 Information 470.0 483.0 13.0
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 2,148.2 2,141.9 -6.3
 15 Professional and business
 services 1,190.0 1,189.0 -1.0
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 799.0 799.6 0.5

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and
 food services 382.3 381.5 -0.8
 18 Other services, except
 government 252.1 252.5 0.4

 19 Government 1,332.9 1,338.4 5.5

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 2,028.1 2,036.9 8.8
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 7,126.0 7,094.3 -31.7
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing
 industries (3) 414.4 416.6 2.2

 2003

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 11,004.0 10,971.2 -32.8

 2 Private industries 9,604.2 9,556.8 -47.4
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 113.9 114.2 0.3
 4 Mining 130.3 142.3 12.0
 5 Utilities 222.2 222.6 0.5
 6 Construction 501.3 501.0 -0.3

 7 Manufacturing 1,402.3 1,369.2 -33.1
 8 Durable goods 798.0 785.5 -12.4
 9 Nondurable goods 604.4 583.7 -20.6
 10 Wholesale trade 645.4 633.0 -12.4
 11 Retail trade 770.5 751.0 -19.5

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 319.3 321.6 2.3
 13 Information 493.8 491.8 -2.0
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 2,250.3 2,260.4 10.1
 15 Professional and business
 services 1,244.3 1,235.9 -8.3
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 851.2 850.6 -0.6

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and
 food services 396.4 398.8 2.3
 18 Other services, except
 government 263.0 264.3 1.3

 19 Government 1,399.9 1,414.5 14.6

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 2,147.8 2,126.7 -21.1
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 7,456.3 7,430.0 -26.3
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing
 industries (3) 443.8 420.9 -22.9

 2004

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 11,735.0 11,734.3 -0.7

 2 Private industries 10,276.6 10,251.0 -25.6
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 116.6 141.6 25.0
 4 Mining 147.5 171.9 24.4
 5 Utilities 241.2 235.3 -6.0
 6 Construction 541.4 549.5 8.1

 7 Manufacturing 1,494.0 1,420.1 -73.9
 8 Durable goods 862.6 824.1 -38.6
 9 Nondurable goods 631.4 596.1 -35.4
 10 Wholesale trade 688.1 694.7 6.6
 11 Retail trade 797.6 790.4 -7.2

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 338.6 332.9 -5.7
 13 Information 547.2 538.7 -8.5
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 2,423.7 2,412.9 -10.8
 15 Professional and business
 services 1,341.4 1,351.9 10.5
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 903.9 909.0 5.1

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and
 food services 419.8 424.3 4.5
 18 Other services, except
 government 275.5 277.7 2.3

 19 Government 1,458.4 1,483.3 24.9

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 2,299.5 2,283.1 -16.4
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 7,977.0 7,967.9 -9.2
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing
 industries (3) 490.4 445.2 -45.2

(1.) Consists of agriculture, foresty fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

Table H. Revisions to Growth in Real Value Added by Industry Group

[Percent Change]

 2002

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 1.9 1.6 -0.3

 2 Private industries 1.8 1.4 -0.4
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 6.8 5.5 -1.4
 4 Mining -2.2 -6.3 -4.2
 5 Utilities 6.0 4.3 -1.7
 6 Construction -2.6 -2.0 0.7

 7 Manufacturing 2.3 2.8 0.5
 8 Durable goods 1.3 1.7 0.4
 9 Nondurable goods 3.7 4.2 0.5
 10 Wholesale trade 1.6 1.0 -0.6
 11 Retail trade 5.3 2.2 -3.2

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 1.9 2.2 0.4
 13 Information -0.3 2.1 2.4
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 1.4 0.9 -0.5
 15 Professional and business
 services 1.3 -0.2 -1.4
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 3.8 4.2 0.4

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and 1.8 1.7 -0.1
 food services

 18 Other services, except
 government -0.8 0.3 1.2

 19 Government 1.5 1.0 0.2

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 1.1 1.3 0.1
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 2.0 1.5 -0.5
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing 2.0 2.0 0.0
 industries (3)

 2003

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 3.0 2.7 -0.3

 2 Private industries 3.1 2.8 -0.3
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting 5.5 7.6 2.0
 4 Mining -7.0 -1.5 5.5
 5 Utilities 5.9 7.8 1.9
 6 Construction -0.3 -1.3 -1.1

 7 Manufacturing 4.5 1.9 -2.6
 8 Durable goods 6.1 4.3 -1.8
 9 Nondurable goods 2.4 -1.2 -3.6
 10 Wholesale trade -1.9 2.2 4.1
 11 Retail trade 5.6 3.6 -2.0

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 5.0 3.7 -1.4
 13 Information 5.7 2.7 -3.0
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 3.2 3.4 0.2
 15 Professional and business
 services 3.5 3.2 -0.3
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 2.8 2.8 0.0

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and 1.9 2.9 1.0
 food services

 18 Other services, except
 government 0.5 1.1 0.6

 19 Government 1.4 1.3 -0.1

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 2.8 1.2 -1.6
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 3.2 3.2 0.1
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing 13.2 6.7 6.5
 industries (3)

 2004

 Previously
Line Published Revised Revision

 1 Gross domestic product 4.4 4.2 -0.2

 2 Private industries 4.6 4.6 0.0
 3 Agriculture, forestry,
 fishing, and hunting -6.4 1.8 8.1
 4 Mining 2.2 2.3 0.0
 5 Utilities 5.4 1.1 -4.3
 6 Construction 2.2 2.5 0.3

 7 Manufacturing 4.3 4.8 0.5
 8 Durable goods 5.8 6.3 0.5
 9 Nondurable goods 2.2 2.7 0.6
 10 Wholesale trade 3.3 4.6 1.3
 11 Retail trade 5.2 6.4 1.1

 12 Transportation and
 warehousing 3.3 4.0 0.7
 13 Information 9.8 12.8 3.0
 14 Finance, insurance, real
 estate, rental, and
 leasing 5.6 3.8 -1.8
 15 Professional and business
 services 4.8 6.4 1.6
 16 Educational services,
 health care, and social
 assistance 2.7 3.2 0.5

 17 Arts, entertainment,
 recreation,
 accommodation, and 4.5 3.0 -1.5
 food services

 18 Other services, except
 government 7.1 1.2 -5.8

 19 Government 1.2 1.0 -0.2

 Addenda:
 20 Private goods-producing
 industries (1) 3.1 3.9 0.8
 21 Private services-producing
 industries (2) 5.1 4.9 -0.2
 22 Information-communications-
 technology-producing 14.7 12.9 -1.9
 industries (3)

(1.) Consists of agriculture, foresty fishing, and hunting;
mining; construction; and manufacturing.

(2.) Consists of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade;
transportation and warehousing; information; finance,
insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional
and business services; educational services, health care,
and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services; and other services,
except government.

(3.) Consists of computer and electronic products; publishing
industries (includes software); information and data processing
services; and computer systems design and related services.

Table I. Revisions to Commodity Inputs to Industries

 2002 2003

Commodity inputs to industries, total 3,668 3,668
Commodity inputs greater than 0.01 of gross output 673 666
Revisions of 0.01 or greater (absolute value) 19 38
 0.01 to 0.019 (absolute value) 12 27
 0.02 to 0.029 (absolute value) 4 7
 0.03 to 0.039 (absolute value) 3 1
 0.04 or greater (absolute value) 0 3