Preview of the 2009 comprehensive revision of the national income and product accounts: new classifications for personal consumption expenditures.

McCully, Clinton P. ; Teensma, Teresita D.

IN 2009, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) will release the results of a comprehensive, or benchmark, revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs). The comprehensive revision will incorporate the results of the 2002 benchmark input-output (I-O) accounts as well as changes in definitions, classifications, statistical methods, source data, and presentation. A major change will be the incorporation of a new classification system for personal consumption expenditures (PCE). This new system defines new categories of expenditures by type of expenditure and by type of product. Estimates of the newly defined expenditure categories were incorporated into the 2002 benchmark I-O estimates, and the new classification system was briefly described in the March 2008 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS. (1) This article provides a more detailed explanation of the new system.

Highlights of the new classification system include the following:

* A new type of expenditure or functional structure that is based on demand criteria and that reflects contemporary spending patterns and purposes

* A new type of product structure that more precisely matches the definitions of durable goods, nondurable goods, and services

* Separate accounting for household consumption expenditures and for expenses of nonprofit institutions serving households

* Modest changes in chained-dollar expenditures and in price indexes due to improved deflation from more precise matching of PCE components and price indexes

* Redefined price indexes for PCE excluding food and energy and for market-based PCE

* Restated PCE values for the new classifications for the entire NIPA time series

* Direct linkages between types of expenditures and types of product classifications

The new PCE classification system will follow recommendations for the classification of household and nonprofit consumption by the System of National Accounts (SNA), the principal international guidelines for national economic accounts. The adoption of the SNA recommendations improves consistency with international standards, one of the primary goals of the BEA Strategic Plan. The new PCE functional structure is based on two parts of the SNA structure for the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP): individual consumption expenditures of households and individual consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs). The expenditure categories for NPISHs are based on the SNA structure for the Classification of the Purposes of Nonprofit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI). (2)

Separately accounting for household consumption expenditures and NPISH expenditures will advance another BEA strategic planning goal: improving the consistency and the integration of the NIPAs with other accounts. Household purchases from NPISHs will be accounted for in household consumption expenditures, and NPISH expenses will be net of their sales to households, which will make the treatment of NPISHs in the NIPAs more consistent with the treatment of government consumption expenditures. This change will also improve consistency with Bureau of Labor Statistics measures of household expenditures and the related classifications used for the consumer price index (CPI). Additionally, component PCE expenditure categories will align more precisely with the CPI component indexes used for deflation. The new structures will also be more consistent with the services industries in the North American Industry Classification System.

PCE Classifications

History

The two primary PCE classification structures--type of product and type of expenditure--organize expenditures by the durability of the commodity purchased and by purpose, respectively. The three primary types of product are durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. In general, goods are commodities that can be stored or inventoried. Durable goods have an average life of at least 3 years; all other goods are considered nondurable. Services are commodities that cannot be stored and that are consumed at the place and time of purchase. For commodities that have both a goods component and a services component, the classification is based on the predominant component. (3) In each of the primary aggregates, commodities are grouped together by type, such as food in nondurable goods and housing in services. The type of expenditure classification organizes expenditures by function, such as medical care that includes services, such as physicians and hospitals, that includes nondurable goods, such as prescription drugs, and that includes durable goods, such as optical goods.

Originally, PCE was presented by type of product. "Consumers' purchases," which were published in the March 1942 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS as part of the first estimates of gross national product, were for durable goods and for "nondurable goods and services." (4) Services by type were first published in the October 1942 SURVEY. (5) Consumer expenditures for goods by type and expenditures classified by the current primary types of product--durable goods, nondurable goods, and services--were first published in the March 1943 SURVEY. (6) PCE by major type of product was published in the April 1943 SURVEY. (7) Since 1943, there have been some additions and deletions to the product structure, but the current structure is remarkably similar to the original structure as shown in table 1.

Tobacco, a separate major type of product in 1943, is now part of other nondurable goods; tobacco was 3 percent of PCE in 1943, but it was less than 1 percent in 2007. "Fuel oil and coal," part of "other nondurable goods" in 1943, is now part of the category "gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods." "Home maintenance" is now the main part of "other household operation," which also includes water and sanitary services, part of "household utilities" in 1943. The other part of household utilities, electricity and gas, is now part of "household operation." "Personal services" is now part of "other" services; personal services were 2.4 percent of PCE in 1943 and 1.3 percent in 2007.

The detailed type of expenditure structure for PCE was first published in the table "Consumption Expenditures, by Type of Product, 1929-42" in the June 1944 SURVEY. (8) The presentation also indicated for each category, its categorization as a commodity (good) or as a service and presented these aggregates at the end of the SURVEY table. The type of expenditure classification introduced in 1944 is similar to that used today (see table 2). The differences are fairly minor. For instance, death expenses are now part of personal business rather than as part of medical care. Private education and research is now education and research, because of a change in definition so that PCE now includes tuition payments for public education.

The component series that comprise the major types of products and types of expenditures are the same for both structures, but a number of components have changed over time. These changes have been due largely to definition changes, the obsolescence or greatly diminished importance of some categories, new goods and services, the growth in importance of some types of expenditures, and the development of new price indexes. Numerous definition changes have affected PCE; for example, including payments to public health and education providers in PCE led to the creation of component series for public hospitals and public higher education. One of the products with greatly diminished importance is "telegraph, cable, and wireless" services, a separate category in 1944, but now a very small part of the category "telephone and telegraph." Since 1944, new PCE categories have included new and used trucks, televisions, video equipment and media, computers and peripherals, software, motor vehicle leasing, cellular telephones, Internet service providers, cable and satellite television services, and video media rental. One of the products with growing importance enough to warrant a separate category is casino gambling.

New PCE functional structure

The current and new PCE functional structures are shown in table 3.

NPISHs

A major feature of the new structure is the separation of PCE into household consumption expenditures and final consumption expenditures of NPISHs. In the current structure, NPISHs, which are part of the personal sector in the NIPAs, are measured by their gross output, which is determined by the cost of inputs: compensation, consumption of fixed capital, and intermediate goods and services purchased. In the new structure, household consumption expenditures comprise purchases from business, government, the rest of world, and NPISHs, which will be included in the health, recreation, education, and "other" goods and services categories. Final consumption expenditures of NPISHs are measured residually as gross output less own-account investment and sales to households and other sectors.

Category separations

In the new structure, a number of changes involve the separation of parts of current major categories into new categories that reflect differences in the nature of the commodities and their demand characteristics, including income elasticity of demand. Two examples are the food and tobacco category and the housing category.

The current food and tobacco category has five components: food purchased for off-premise consumption, purchased meals and beverages, food furnished to employees, food produced and consumed on farms, and tobacco. In the new structure, the "people food" portion of food purchased for off-premise consumption (for use at home) will be the new major category "food and beverages purchased for off-premise consumption," along with food produced and consumed on farms. Pet food, the other part of the current off-premise food category, will be part of the pets and related products component of the recreation category. Purchased meals and beverages and food furnished to employees will be part of a new major category that also includes accommodation services. Tobacco will be part of "other goods and services" in recognition that tobacco may have some commonalities with food in production, but it has no meaningful association based on demand criteria.

In the current structure, accommodation services are part of housing. But transient accommodations have little in common with more permanent housing arrangements that are reflected in the rental values for owner- and tenant-occupied housing. These rental values are the largest part of the current housing category. The new structure separates the accommodation components that have a relatively high income elasticity of demand from the rental components that have a relatively low income elasticity.

The new grouping of accommodation services and food services reflects the fact that for travelers, the expenditures for these services are associated and are often combined at the same establishment. The new "housing and utilities" category includes the space rent components of the current housing category combined with electricity, gas, fuel oil, and other fuel and water supply and sanitation services. Utilities are currently included in the household operation category.

Other household operation components are now part of these new categories: "furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenance," communication, and financial services and insurance.

Other new categories

Communication. This new category includes postal services, telephone and facsimile equipment, and telecommunication services, all of which are currently in household operation, and Internet services, which are currently part of recreation. The current inclusion of telecommunication services in household operation reflects a view that such services are essentially household utilities, like electricity, gas, and water supply services. Telephones were for a long time used solely in homes, which tended to support this view. However, cellular telephone services, which began in 1985 and are now a majority of telecommunication services, negate this view of telephone service as a household utility.

Financial services and insurance. The new financial services category includes services furnished without payment and service charges and fees of financial intermediaries, securities commissions, portfolio management and investment advice services, trust, fiduciary, and custody activities, and pension services, all of which are in the current category of personal business.

Currently, insurance is included in several categories on the basis of the type of commodities or risks insured. Motor vehicle insurance is in transportation, household personal property insurance is in household operation, health insurance is in medical care, and life insurance is in personal business. Most of the differences between the current and new medical care and transportation categories are accounted for by insurance. Health expenditures in the new structure are $107 billion less and transportation expenditures are $62 billion less than in the current structure.

Other goods and services. This new category consists of tobacco from food and tobacco, jewelry and accessories from clothing, accessories, and jewelry; all of personal care; sales of religious and welfare organizations; and several parts of personal business, including legal services, funeral and burial services, tax return preparation services, and labor organizations and professional associations, which are now measured by dues paid. The separation of jewelry and accessories from clothing recognizes the higher income elasticity of jewelry purchases and the weak association of "accessories" such as luggage with clothing.

New PCE Product Structure

The current and new PCE product structures are shown in table 4. The new product structure retains the three major product types of the current structure: durable goods, nondurable goods, and services. The main change to the current structure is the reclassification of purchased meals and beverages, which is now called food services, from nondurable goods to services. This change is more consistent with the definition of services as commodities that cannot be stored and that are consumed at the place and time of purchase. Goods are commodities that can be stored or inventoried, which though possible with purchased meals, is unusual. Additionally, using the criterion that the classification of commodities with both a goods component and a services component is based on the predominant component, the services component of purchased meals is larger than the cost of goods (food) sold. This services component, which is equal to the difference between sales and cost of the goods sold, is larger relative to sales than for any retail industry. Chart 1 shows the effect of the reclassification of purchased meals and beverages from nondurable goods to services on the product-type shares.

Durable goods

In the new structure, durable goods has four product types; in the current structure, it has three. The new type is recreational goods and vehicles, which was $228.2 billion in 2002 (table 4). Recreational goods and vehicles consists of (1) video, audio, photographic and information processing equipment and media, and musical instruments, currently in the furniture and household equipment category; (2) sporting equipment, supplies, guns, and ammunition and sports vehicles, currently in the "other" durable goods category; and (3) recreational vehicles, currently in the motor vehicles and parts category. Compared with the $923.9 billion value of durable goods in the current structure, the larger $959.8 billion value of durable goods in the new structure reflects reclassifications, for example, of luggage from nondurable goods and eye examinations from services, where they are now included with eyeglasses and contact lenses in "other" durable goods.

Nondurable goods

The new structure for nondurable goods has four major aggregates that except for food are generally along the lines of the current structure. Under the current structure, food primarily consists of two items (1) food and alcoholic beverages purchased for off-premise consumption and (2) purchased meals and beverages. Under the new structure, purchased meals and beverages ($379.5 billion in 2002) will be in services, specifically in the new aggregate food services and accommodation. Under the new structure, food now consists only of food and beverages purchased for off-premise consumption.

Services

In the new product structure, services consists of household consumption expenditures and final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, which is the same as in the functional structure.

Core PCE and market-based PCE Prices

The new classification redefines PCE excluding food and energy. This redefinition will affect what is often referred to as the "core" PCE price index. Currently, all food, including food purchased for off-premise consumption and purchased meals and beverages, is excluded in deriving core PCE. In the new structure, "food services" will be included in core PCE.

The redefined price index will be more consistent with the most frequently cited purpose of a core price index: to strip away volatile components to reveal "underlying" inflation. Food services prices are not volatile. The importance of purchased meals in total food has greatly increased in importance over time, so that it now significantly affects the overall food price index. These expenditures accounted for 22 percent of total food expenditures in 1959 and 38 percent in 2007, while the share of fresh food, whose prices are volatile, decreased from 35 percent to 18 percent. As a result, overall food price volatility has significantly decreased. The remainder of food, processed food products, whose prices are also not volatile, stayed around 43 percent of the total, so that even the redefined food will be less volatile than when fresh food prices were much more significant.

The market-based PCE price index will also be redefined under the new classification. The market-based index measures prices for goods and services purchased by, or on behalf of, households, and it uses component consumer price indexes and producer price indexes. Under the current structure, the market-based PCE price index excludes the expenses of NPISHs and imputed expenditures except for owner-occupied space rent.

Under the new PCE classification, the market-based PCE price index will change because of the inclusion of the sales of primary services to households by NPISHs. Sales, such as those from nonprofit hospitals and higher education, will use associated price indexes for deflation. NPISH sales account for about 7 percent of PCE. The new market-based share of total PCE will increase from 87 percent to 89 percent, using 1997 values, reflecting the inclusion of NPISH sales that will be partly offset by the exclusion of insurance components currently in the PCE market-based index.

Table 5 shows PCE by primary product type, PCE excluding food and energy, and market-based PCE in current dollars, chained dollars, and price indexes for 2002-2006 under the current and new classification systems.

SNA and the New PCE Classification

COICOP

The new PCE functional classification preserves the general structure of COICOP, but differs from it in a number of ways, as shown in table 6 (page 15). Differences between the classifications reflect differences in scope, the relative size of the expenditure categories, and U.S. conditions. See the box "SNA Classifications." Some key differences are discussed below.

The COICOP structure includes government purchases for the benefit of individuals, purchases of illegal commodities, and home maintenance and repair expenditures, all of which are out of scope of PCE and are therefore not included in the new PCE functional classification. (9) The exclusion of illegal activities means that the COICOP category alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics could only include alcoholic beverages and tobacco for the PCE functional classification. Together, these expenditures have constituted only about 2 percent of PCE in recent years, about the same as the new education category, which has the lowest share of PCE in the new functional structure. Given the low share and the very weak association of alcoholic beverages and tobacco based on demand criteria, the new structure includes alcoholic beverages in food and beverages purchased for off-premise consumption and tobacco in other goods and services.

In the NIPAs, home maintenance and repair expenditures are considered intermediate expenses of homeowners, who are treated as business owners. As a result, the COICOP category maintenance and repair of the dwelling has no counterpart in the new PCE functional structure.

Some expenditures in the United States that are of sufficient size to warrant raising their status in the new PCE functional structure, compared with their status in COICOP, are gambling; pets, pet products, and services; financial services and insurance; photographic goods and services; and Internet access services.

Differences sometimes arise when the purposes of expenditures in the United States differ from the purposes stated in COICOP or when expenditures for some COICOP categories are very small or nonexistent in the United States. For example, COICOP classifies bicycles in transportation, but in the new PCE functional structure, bicycles are included in durable sports equipment in recreation because in the United States, bicycles are primarily used for recreation rather than for transportation. Animal-drawn vehicles, which are part of the COICOP structure, are very rare in the United State and thus are not included in the new PCE functional classification.

The classification structure for NPISHs generally follows the COPNI functional structure and definitions, but it also reflects U.S. institutional arrangements of nonprofit organizations as detailed by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) of industries that are predominantly nonprofit. For example, COICOP classifies "education not definable by level," which has no counterpart in the United States, in education.

Product classifications

The use of the SNA product classification of semidurable goods was not adopted because its use would require changes back to the beginning of the NIPAs in the presentation of GDP by type of product (NIPA tables 1.2 series). These tables present GDP by durable goods, nondurable goods, services, and structures. Changing the type of product tables to the SNA classifications would require changing the product classifications of exports and imports and the change in private inventories in addition to PCE.

SNA product categories are consistent with the Central Product Classification system in the SNA. (10) However, the component categories for the new PCE structures are based, when possible, on correspondence with the contents of the consumer price indexes (CPIs) used for deflation. The correspondence was achieved by matching item-level detail for PCE categories from the estimates in 1997 input-output accounts to entry-level items for CPI components. The resulting correspondences between expenditure categories and deflation are as nearly exact as possible.

Other classifications

Although the new PCE functional structure is a modified COICOP structure, separately accounting for household consumption expenditures brings new PCE classifications closer to the classifications used for the CPI and the related structure for the consumer expenditure survey; however, significant differences in scope and definitions between the new PCE and the CPI remain. The scope of PCE, which includes expenditures by or on behalf of individuals, is significantly broader than that in the CPI, whose weights reflect out-of-pocket expenditures; such differences are particularly significant in medical care. Some imputations in PCE, such as those for financial services without payment, have no counterpart in the CPI. Certain types of expenditures, such as brokerage charges and investment advice and management, also have no CPI counterparts.

Several of the changes in the PCE structure bring closer correspondence with services industries in NAICS. Food services and accommodation in PCE parallels the NAICS industry accommodation and food services. Financial services and insurance in PCE parallels the NAICS sector finance and insurance. The classification of NPISH final consumption expenditures--particularly religious organizations, grantmaking and giving services, social advocacy, and civic and social organizations--closely parallels NAICS industries.

Historical restatement of PCE

The historical restatement of PCE uses the detail available in the benchmark input-output (I-O) accounts for 1967-97. In these accounts, commodity and item-level detail of the PCE category estimates are available. All PCE categories consist of one or more commodities, which in turn consist of one or more items. For instance, bedroom furniture is included in the commodity wood household furniture, which in turn is included in the PCE commodity category furniture.

The PCE restatement allocates item-level detail from the benchmark I-O accounts to the new PCE categories for benchmark years, and it interpolates and extrapolates the allocation ratios derived from these estimates for benchmark years between and from benchmark years. Before 1967, allocation ratios derived for 1967 are used and account for differences in category detail, particularly before 1959. In some cases, particularly in services, detailed annual estimates are made below the time-series level, and these estimates are used when possible to estimate the newly defined categories.

Restated estimates will be prepared for the entire NIPA time series: annual estimates for 1929 forward, quarterly estimates for 1947 forward, and monthly estimates for 1959 forward. The lack of sufficient quarterly detail for PCE services before 1959 necessitates quarterly estimates of total services only for 1947 to 1958. The restated estimates will be released with the NIPA benchmark estimates in July 2009. Because the scope of PCE is not changed by the reclassification, total current-dollar PCE in the benchmark estimates before 1998 will be changed only if there are statistical restatements for any of the PCE categories. Total current-dollar PCE for 1998 forward will be changed from currently published values because of the incorporation of the 2002 I-O benchmark estimates and new and revised source data for more recent years. Modest changes in quantity and price indexes and chained-dollar estimates are expected throughout the time series because of improved deflation from more precise matching of PCE components and price indexes.

SNA Classifications

In the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA), the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) classifies "individual consumption" by function or purpose for three sectors: households, general government, and nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Household consumption expenditures comprise actual and imputed expenditures by resident households on consumption goods and services, including purchases from NPISHs; the expenses net of sales to households of NPISHs; and final consumption expenditures of government which are for individual rather than collective consumption.

The COICOP has major functional categories and primary subaggregates for each of the major categories. The Classification of the Purposes of Nonprofit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI) has only major functional categories.

In October 1998, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published a COICOP that consists of 12 categories for individual consumption expenditures of households, a category for the individual consumption expenditures of NPISHs, and a category for the individual consumption expenditures of general government. (1) This classification was subsequently approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission in March 1999 and was published in 2000. (2) The 1993 SNA COICOP and COPNI structures were updated and published by the United Nations in 2004. (3)

The COICOP structure is as follows: Individual consumption expenditure of households

Food and nonalcoholic beverages

Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics

Clothing and footwear

Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels

Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance

Health

Transport

Communication

Recreation and culture

Education

Restaurants and hotels

Miscellaneous goods and services

Individual consumption expenditure of nonprofit institutions serving households

Individual consumption expenditure of general government

These SNA-based functional classifications have been adopted by Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and European OECD countries. The functional classifications have been adapted to national requirements as needed.

COICOP is a demand-based structure: the household consumption expenditure categories and their ordering in COICOP are designed to broadly reflect differences in the responsiveness of expenditures to changes in household income. The types of expenditures with low responsiveness where percent changes in expenditures are generally less than percent changes in income are at the top of the categories; the expenditures that generally increase at a higher rate than changes in income are ranked lower. Measures of responsiveness are known as "income elasticity of demand." Thus, food and nonalcoholic beverages, which reflect purchases for home use and which have a low income elasticity, are at the top of the hierarchy, and restaurant meals, which have a relatively high income elasticity, are much lower in the hierarchy, in a category with hotels. The inclusion of hotels in this category rather than with housing also reflects these differences. Empirical analysis of U.S. consumption and income data over time indicate that the rankings in the COICOP structure generally hold.

The COPNI structure is as follows:

Housing

Health

Recreation and culture

Education

Social protection

Other services

All the categories except social protection align with the categories for individual consumption of households. Social protection is a subcategory in the COICOP category of "miscellaneous goods and services."

The SNA does not have a type-of-product structure, but it does categorize purchases by households as durable goods, semidurable goods, nondurable goods, and services. The SNA defines consumer durable goods as those goods that can be used repeatedly or continuously over a year or more. A semidurable good is one that can be used for longer than a year, but whose lifetime is often significantly shorter than that of a durable good and whose purchase price is substantially less. A nondurable good is one that is used up entirely in less than a year, assuming a average rate of physical use. Services are characterized by direct contact between the consumer and the service provider. They include hotels, bars, and restaurants; recreation, amusements, and cultural services; domestic services; and other personal services.

(1.) OECD, Functional Classifications of the 1993 SIVA: COICOP, COPNI, COFOG (Paris: OECD, 1998).

(2.) United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, Classification of Expenditure According to Purpose, Statistical papers series M, no. 84 (New York: United Nations, 2000)

(3.) United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, "Updates and Amendments to the System of National Accounts, 1993," Studies in methods series F/2, rev 4, addendum 1 (New York: United Nations, 2004).

(1.) Ricky L. Stewart, Jessica Brede Stone, and Mary L. Streitweiser, "U.S. Benchmark Input-Output Accounts, 2002," SURVEY 87 (October 2007): 1948. Revised estimates are available on BEA's Web site. A description of the revisions is available at <www.bea.gov/industry/ Make_Use_table revisions.htm>. Kurt Kunze and Stephanie H. McCulla, "Preview of Revised NIPA Estimates for 2002: Effects of Incorporating the 2002 Benchmark I-O Accounts and Proposed Definition and Statistical Changes," SURVEY 88 (March 2008): 10-17.

(2.) The third part of COICOP, individual consumption expenditures of general government, is not used in the new PCE classifications because such expenditures are outside the scope of PCE.

(3.) For further discussion of classification conventions used in PCE, see Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Consumption Expenditures, Methodology paper (Washington, DC: 1990): 13.

(4.) Milton Gilbert, "War Expenditures and National Production," SURVEY 22 (March 1942): 9-16.

(5.) William C. Shelton and Louis J. Paradiso, "Monthly Estimates of Total Consumer Expenditures, 1935-42, SURVEY 22 (October 1942): 8-22.

(6.) Milton Gilbert and George Jaszi, "National Income and National Product in 1942," SURVEY 23 (March 1943): 10-26.

(7.) "The Business Situation," SURVEY 23 (April 1943): 3-9.

(8.) William H Shaw, "Consumption Expenditures, 1929-43," SURVEY 24 (June 1944): 9-16. The table presented consumption expenditures by type of expenditure as currently defined.

(9.) In COICOP, "individual consumption expenditures of general government" include expenditures, such as for health care and education, that benefit individuals, while "collective" government consumption expenditures, such as for national defense, benefit the country as a whole. The SNA shows individual consumption expenditures of general government and of NPISHs as part of a supplementary or alternative measure of consumption known as "household actual final consumption." In the NIPAs, there is no distinction between "individual" and "collective" government consumption expenditures, and all government purchases are included in government consumption expenditures and gross investment.

(10.) OECD, "COICOP-CPC and CPC-COICOP Correspondence Tables" (Paris: OECD, January 2001).

Table 1. Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product

 1943 classification Current classification

Goods
 Durable Durable goods
 Furniture, furnishings and
 equipment Motor vehicles and parts
 Automobiles and parts Furniture and household equipment
 Other durable Other
 Nondurable Nondurable goods
 Food Food
 Clothing and related products Clothing and shoes
 Tobacco Gasoline, fuel oil, and
 other energy goods
 Gasoline and oil Gasoline and oil
 Fuel oil and coal
 Other nondurable Other
Services Services
 Housing, excluding depreciation Housing
 Home maintenance Household operation
 Household utilities Electricity and gas
 Personal services Other household operation
 Transportation Transportation
 Medical care Medical care
 Recreation Recreation
 Other services (including gifts) Other

Table 2. Personal Consumption Expenditures by
Major Type of Expenditure

1944 classification Current classification

Food and tobacco Food and tobacco
Clothing, accessories, and jewelry Clothing, accessories, and jewelry
Personal care Personal care
Housing Housing
Household operation Household operation
Medical care and death expenses Medical care
Personal business Personal business
Transportation Transportation
Recreation Recreation
Private education and research Education and research
Religious and welfare activities Religious and welfare activities
Foreign travel and remittances Foreign travel and other, net

Table 3. Current and New Structures for Personal Consumption
Expenditures (PCE) by Type of Expenditure and by Function, 2002

 Share of
 Current structure by Billions current-dollar
 type of expenditure of dollars PCE (percent)

PCE 7,350.7 100.0
 Food and tobacco 1,091.1 14.8
 Clothing, accessories, and jewelry 407.0 5.5
 Personal care 96.7 1.3
 Housing 1,123.1 15.3
 Household operation 747.4 10.2
 Medical care 1,441.2 19.6
 Personal business 547.0 7.4
 Transportation 882.2 12.0
 Recreation 629.9 8.6
 Education and research 190.2 2.6
 Religious and welfare activities 200.1 2.7
 Foreign travel and other, net -5.1 -0.1

 Share of
 Billions current-dollar
 New structure by function of dollars PCE (percent)

PCE 7,350.7 100.0
 Household consumption expenditures 7,188.0 97.8
 Food and beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 589.1 8.0
 Clothing and footwear 310.4 4.2
 Housing and utilities 589.1 8.0
 Furnishings, household equipment,
 and routine household maintenance 347.6 4.7
 Health 1,334.2 18.2
 Transportation 819.6 11.1
 Communication 160.0 2.2
 Recreation 659.3 9.0

 Education 156.4 2.1
 Food services and accommodations 442.7 6.0
 Financial services and insurance 573.7 7.8
 Other goods and services 508.9 6.9
 Net foreign travel and expenditures
 abroad by U.S. residents -5.1 -0.1
 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions serving
 households 162.7 2.2

Table 4. Current and New Structures for Personal Consumption
Expenditures (PCE) by Major Type of Product, 2002

 Share of
 current-
 Billions PCE
 of dollar
 Current structure dollars (percent)

PCE 7,350.7 100.0
 Durable goods 923.9 12.6
 Motor vehicles and parts 429.3 5.8
 Furniture and household equipment 323.1 4.4
 Other 171.6 2.3

 Nondurable goods 2,079.6 28.3
 Food 1,001.9 13.6
 Clothing and shoes 303.5 4.1
 Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy
 goods 178.8 2.4
 Gasoline and oil 164.2 2.2
 Fuel oil and coal 14.2 0.2
 Other 595.5 8.2
 Services 4,347.2 59.1
 Housing 1,123.1 15.3
 Household operation 407.7 5.5
 Electricity and as 152.5 2.1
 Other household operation 255.2 3.5
 Transportation 288.4 3.9
 Medical care 1,206.2 16.4
 Recreation 299.1 14.1
 Other 1,022.7 13.9

 Share of
 current-
 Billions PCE
 of dollar
 dollars (percent)

 New structure

PCE 7,350.8 100.0
 Durable goods 959.8 13.1
 Motor vehicles and parts 413.6 5.6
 Furnishings and durable household
 equipment 205.8 2.8
 Recreational goods and vehicles 228.2 3.1
 Other durable goods 112.3 1.5
 Nondurable Goods 1,663.2 22.6
 Food and beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 589.1 8.0
 Clothing and footwear 293.6 4.0
 Gasoline and other energy goods 178.7 2.5
 Other nondurable goods 601.8

 Services 4,727.8 64.3
 Household consumption expenditures 4,565.1 62.1
 Housing and utilities 1,277.3 17.4
 Health care 1,099.0 15.0
 Transportation services 241.4 3.3
 Recreational services 282.3 3.8
 Food services and accommodation 442.8 6.0
 Financial services and insurance 573.7 7.8
 Other services 648.7 8.8
 Final consumption expenditures
 of nonprofit institutions serving
 households 162.7 2.2

Table 5. Current and New Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) by
Major Type of Product, 2002-2006

 Billions of current dollars

 2002

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,350.7 7,350.7 0.0
 Durable goods 923.9 959.8 35.9
 Nondurable goods 2,079.6 1,663.2 -416.4
 Services 4,347.2 4,727.8 380.6
Addenda:
 PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,017.6 6,430.4 412.8
 Market-based PCE 6,297.4 6,495.5 198.1

 Billions of current dollars

 2003

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,703.6 7,703.6 0.0
 Durable goods 942.7 979.8 37.1
 Nondurable goods 2,190.2 1,752.3 -437.9
 Services 4,570.8 4,971.5 400.7
Addenda:
 PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,280.8 6,714.9 434.1
 Market-based PCE 6,599.6 6,807.6 208.0

 Billions of current dollars

 2004

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 8,195.9 8,195.9 0.0
 Durable goods 983.9 1,023.1 39.2
 Nondurable goods 2,343.7 1,878.3 -465.4
 Services 4,868.3 5,294.4 426.1
Addenda:
 PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,657.7 7,119.1 461.4
 Market-based PCE 6,986.5 7,209.2 222.7

 Billions of current dollars

 2005

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 8,707.8 8,707.8 0.0
 Durable goods 1,065.4 1,065.4 41.5
 Nondurable goods 2,516.2 2,022.3 -493.9
 Services 5,167.8 5,620.1 452.3
Addenda:
 PCE excluding food
 and energy 7,023.4 7,513.1 489.7
 Market-based PCE 7,412.9 7,663.0 250.1

 Billions of current dollars

 2006

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 9,224.5 9,224.5 0.0
 Durable goods 1,048.9 1,093.3 44.4
 Nondurable goods 2,688.0 2,157.9 -530.1
 Services 5,487.6 5,973.3 485.7
Addenda:
 PCE excluding food
 and energy 7,415.3 7,940.8 525.5
 Market-based PCE 7,828.8 8,112.5 283.7

 Billions of chained (2000) dollars

 2002

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,099.3 7,099.7 0.4
 Durable g oods 964.8 1,003.6 38.8
 Nondurable goods 2,037.1 1,640.1 -397.0
 Services 4,100.4 4,459.2 358.8
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 5,802.6 6,192.5 389.9
 Market-based PCE 6,109.1 6,296.2 187.1

 Billions of chained (2000) dollars

 2003

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,295.3 7,293.9 -1.4
 Durable g oods 1,020.6 1,060.9 40.3
 Nondurable goods 2,103.0 1,692.5 -410.5
 Services 4,178.8 4,547.9 369.1
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 5,971.7 6,371.7 400.0
 Market-based PCE 6,469.5 6,469.5 183.9

 Billions of chained (2000) dollars

 2004

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,561.4 7,559.4 -2.0
 Durable g oods 1,084.8 1,128.4 43.6
 Nondurable goods 2,177.6 1,752.1 -425.5
 Services 4,311.0 4,691.6 380.6
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,202.5 6,615.1 412.6
 Market-based PCE 6,506.0 6,688.7 182.7

 Billions of chained (2000) dollars

 2005

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,803.6 7,801.6 -2.0
 Durable g oods 1,137.4 1,184.8 47.4
 Nondurable goods 2,255.4 1,814.4 -441.0
 Services 4,427.3 4,820.1 392.8
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,404.1 6,830.1 426.0
 Market-based PCE 6,720.2 6,912.9 192.7

 Billions of chained (2000) dollars

 2006

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditures 8,044.1 8,039.8 -4.3
 Durable g oods 1,180.5 1,230.6 50.1
 Nondurable goods 2,337.7 1,876.6 -461.1
 Services 4,545.5 4,953.4 407.9
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 6,613.1 7,053.9 440.8
 Market-based PCE 6,917.8 7,121.2 203.4

 Chain-type price indexes (2000 = 100)

 2002

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditure 103.542 103.536 -0.006
 Durable goods 95.766 95.634 -0.132
 Nondurable goods 102.089 101.407 -0.682
 Services 106.018 106.023 0.005
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 103.705 103.841 0.136
 Market-based PCE 103.082 103.1660 0.084

 Chain-type price indexes (2000 = 100)

 2003

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditure 105.597 105.618 0.021
 Durable goods 92.3661 92.353 -0.013
 Nondurable goods 104.145 103.531 -0.614
 Services 109.379 109.316 -0.063
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 105.175 105.385 0.210
 Market-based PCE 104.995 105.227 0.232

 Chain-type price indexes (2000 = 100)

 2004

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditure 108.392 108.419 0.027
 Durable goods 90.696 90.671 -0.025
 Nondurable goods 107.626 107.206 -0.420
 Services 112.929 112.848 -0.081
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 107.338 107.620 0.282
 Market-based PCE 107.386 107.782 0.396

 Chain-type price indexes (2000 = 100)

 2005

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditure 111.588 111.616 0.028
 Durable goods 90.018 89.921 -0.097
 Nondurable goods 111.561 111.461 -0.100
 Services 116.726 116.598 -0.128
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 109.670 110.000 0.330
 Market-based PCE 110.307 110.850 0.543

 Chain-type price indexes (2000 = 100)

 2006

 Current New Difference

Personal consumption
 expenditure 114.675 114.735 0.060
 Durable goods 88.857 88.8441 -0.013
 Nondurable goods 114.989 114.990 0.001
 Services 120.725 120.589 -0.136
 Addenda:
PCE excluding food
 and energy 112.130 112.574 0.444
 Market-based PCE 113.168 113.921 0.753

Table 6. Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose and the
New Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) by Function

 Classification of individual consumption by purpose

Individual consumption expenditure

 Individual consumption expenditure of households
 Food and nonalcoholic beverages
 Food
 Nonalcoholic beverages

 Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
 Alcoholic beverages
 Tobacco
 Narcotics
 Clothing and footwear
 Clothing
 Footwear
 Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
 Actual rentals for housing
 Imputed rentals for housing
 Maintenance and repair of the dwelling
 Water supply and miscellaneous services relating to the dwelling
 Electricity, gas and other fuels

 Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance
 Furniture and furnishings, carpets and other floor coverings
 Household textiles
 Household appliances
 Glassware, tableware and household utensils
 Tools and equipment for house and garden
 Goods and services for routine household maintenance
 Health
 Medical products, appliances and equipment
 Out-patient services
 Hospital services
 Transport
 Purchase of vehicles
 Operation of personal transport equipment
 Transport services
 Communication
 Postal services
 Telephone and telefax equipment
 Telephone and telefax services

 Recreation and culture
 Audio-visual, photographic and information processing equipment
 Other major durables for recreation and culture
 Other recreational items and equipment, gardens and pets
 Recreational and cultural services
 Newspapers, books, and stationery
 Package holidays

 Education
 Pre-primary and primary education
 Secondary education
 Post-secondary non-tertiary education
 Tertiary education
 Education not definable by level
 Restaurants and hotels
 Catering services
 Accommodation services

 Miscellaneous goods and services
 Personal care
 Prostitution
 Personal effects, not elsewhere classified
 Social protection
 Insurance
 Financial services. not elsewhere classified
 Other services, not elsewhere classified

Individual consumption expenditure of nonprofit
 institutions serving households
 Housing
 Health
 Recreation and culture
 Education
 Social protection
 Other services

Individual consumption expenditure of general government
 Housing
 Health
 Recreation and culture
 Education
 Social protection

 New PCE classification by function

Personal consumption expenditures

 Household consumption expenditures
 Food and beverages purchased for off-premise consumption
 Food and non-alcoholic beverages purchased for off-premise
 consumption
 Alcoholic beverages purchased for off-premise consumption
 Food produced and consumed on farms

 Clothing and footwear
 Clothing
 Footwear
 Housing and utilities
 Housing
 Rental of tenant-occupied nonfarm housing
 Imputed rental of owner-occupied nonfarm housing
 Rental value of farm dwellings
 Group housing
 Household utilities
 Water supply and sanitation
 Electricity, gas and other fuels
 Furnishings, household equipment and routine household
 maintenance
 Furniture, furnishings and floor coverings
 Household textiles
 Household appliances
 Glassware. tableware and household utensils
 Tools and equipment for house and garden
 Other household goods and services
 Health
 Medical products, appliances and equipment
 Out-patient services
 Hospital and nursing homes services
 Transportation
 Motor vehicles
 Motor vehicle operation
 Public transportation
 Communication
 Postal and delivery services
 Telephone and facsimile equipment
 Telecommunication services
 Internet access
 Recreation
 Video and audio equipment, computers and related services
 Sports and recreational goods and related services
 Membership clubs, sports centers, parks, theaters, and museums
 Magazines, newspapers, books, and stationery
 Gambling
 Pets, pet products and services
 Photographic goods and services
 Package tours
 Education
 Educational books
 Higher education
 Nursery, elementary and secondary schools
 Commercial and vocational schools

 Food services and accommodations
 Food services
 Accommodations

 Financial services and insurance
 Financial services
 Insurance

 Other goods and services
 Personal care
 Personal items
 Social services and religious activities
 Professional and other services
 Tobacco
 Net foreign travel and expenditures abroad by U.S. residents
 Foreign travel by U.S. residents
 Less: Expenditures in the United States by nonresidents
 Expenditures abroad by U.S. residents (net)
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving
 households
 Health
 Recreation
 Education and research
 Social services
 Religious organizations
 Grantmaking and giving services
 Social advocacy
 Civic and social organizations
 Professional. labor, political and legal organizations

Table 7. New Structure for Personal Consumption Expenditure by Type
of Product

 Billions of dollars

 2002 2003 2004

Personal consumption expenditures 7,350.7 7,703.6 8,195.9

 Total goods 2,623.0 2,732.1 2,901.4

 Durable goods 959.8 979.9 1,023.1
 Motor vehicles and parts 413.6 414.8 418.6
 New motor vehicles 249.7 258.0 259.3
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 117.0 108.2 108.4
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 46.9 48.6 50.8
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 205.8 211.2 225.4
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 122.3 125.3 134.1
 Household appliances 32.2 33.0 34.9
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 32.6 33.4 35.1
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 18.6 19.6 21.3
 Recreational goods and vehicles 228.2 238.0 256.8
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 124.1 127.5 137.5
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 38.8 40.6 43.5
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 37.1 40.8 45.1
 Recreational books 23.7 24.7 25.8
 Musical instruments 4.5 4.5 4.8
 Other durable goods 112.3 115.7 122.3
 Jewelry and watches 51.2 52.8 56.2
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 30.0 30.8 32.4
 Educational books 13.4 14.0 14.6
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 12.9 13.3 14.0
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 4.7 4.9 5.1

 Nondurable goods 1,663.2 1,752.3 1,878.3
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 589.1 611.9 651.6
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 512.8 532.3 564.4
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 75.8 79.1 86.7
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 0.5 0.5 0.5
 Clothing and footwear 293.6 300.7 314.3
 Garments 237.2 243.2 255.0
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 56.4 57.5 59.3
 Gasoline and other energy goods 178.7 209.5 249.6
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 164.5 192.7 231.5
 Fuel oil and other fuels 14.1 16.8 18.1
 Other nondurable goods 601.8 630.2 662.8
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 205.2 225.5 242.8
 Recreational items 92.7 94.5 98.4
 Household supplies 95.2 98.8 104.3
 Personal care products 59.4 61.2 63.7
 Tobacco 89.2 88.0 87.5
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 56.2 57.5 61.0
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 4.0 4.8 5.0

 Services 4,727.8 4,971.5 5,294.4

 Household consumption expenditures 4,565.1 4,802.2 5,114.6
 Housing and utilities 1,277.3 1,330.3 1,400.1
 Housing 1,069.6 1,105.0 1,164.0
 Household utilities 207.7 225.2 236.2
 Health care 1,099.0 1,175.2 1,249.3
 Out-patient services 525.0 562.1 602.8
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 574.0 613.1 646.5
 Transportation services 241.4 246.4 252.7
 Motor vehicle services 191.2 192.3 195.5
 Public transportation 50.2 54.1 57.2
 Recreational services 282.3 299.1 323.2
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 103.4 106.6 112.3
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 74.5 78.7 85.5
 Gambling 78.0 85.5 94.8
 Other recreational services 26.4 28.3 30.7
 Food services and accommodations 442.7 466.3 498.2
 Food services 389.2 409.5 435.4
 Accommodation services 53.5 56.8 62.8
 Financial services and insurance 573.7 596.5 663.7
 Financial services 369.8 371.6 407.7
 Insurance 203.9 224.9 256.0
 Other services 648.7 688.4 727.6
 Communication services 155.2 158.3 163.3
 Education 143.0 152.8 160.8
 Professional and other
 services 122.9 132.3 138.3
 Personal care and clothing
 services 87.1 91.5 100.0
 Social services and
 religious activities 103.0 109.5 116.4
 Household maintenance 46.6 49.3 53.1
 Net foreign travel (9.2) (5.3) (4.2)
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 78.2 80.5 92.5
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 87.4 85.8 96.8

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 162.7 169.4 179.6

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 7,188.0 7,534.3 8,016.3
PCE excluding food and energy 6,430.4 6,714.9 7,119.1
PCE excluding energy 7,019.5 7,326.7 7,770.7
Market-based PCE 6,495.5 6,807.6 7,209.2
 Excluding food and energy 5,575.7 5,819.3 6,133.0

 Billions of dollars

 2005 2006

Personal consumption expenditures 8,707.8 9,224.5

 Total goods 3,087.7 3,251.2

 Durable goods 1,065.4 1,093.3
 Motor vehicles and parts 425.9 415.1
 New motor vehicles 256.8 241.2
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 114.8 117.9
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 54.3 56.1
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 239.2 255.7
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 142.4 152.4
 Household appliances 37.0 38.8
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 36.9 40.1
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 22.8 24.4
 Recreational goods and vehicles 273.0 287.1
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 146.8 156.4
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 46.5 50.3
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 48.0 47.6
 Recreational books 26.7 27.7
 Musical instruments 5.0 5.1
 Other durable goods 127.4 135.4
 Jewelry and watches 58.4 62.2
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 33.8 36.0
 Educational books 15.1 15.7
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 14.8 15.7
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 5.4 5.8

 Nondurable goods 2,022.3 2,157.9
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 694.1 733.7
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 599.3 631.5
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 94.2 101.7
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 0.5 0.5
 Clothing and footwear 330.5 345.3
 Garments 267.8 279.2
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 62.7 66.1
 Gasoline and other energy goods 301.7 340.0
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 280.7 318.6
 Fuel oil and other fuels 21.0 21.4
 Other nondurable goods 696.0 738.9
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 256.2 276.5
 Recreational items 103.3 109.6
 Household supplies 110.1 116.0
 Personal care products 66.8 69.8
 Tobacco 89.7 92.4
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 64.8 69.3
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 5.0 5.3

 Services 5,620.1 5,973.3

 Household consumption expenditures 5,438.3 5,781.4
 Housing and utilities 1,492.4 1,583.9
 Housing 1,230.2 1,307.5
 Household utilities 262.2 276.4
 Health care 1,334.9 1,421.4
 Out-patient services 643.2 684.0
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 691.7 737.4
 Transportation services 264.5 278.1
 Motor vehicle services 204.9 215.3
 Public transportation 59.6 62.8
 Recreational services 338.6 360.3
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 115.8 121.7
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 89.2 94.9
 Gambling 100.8 108.5
 Other recreational services 32.9 35.3
 Food services and accommodations 530.5 570.0
 Food services 462.0 496.1
 Accommodation services 68.5 73.9
 Financial services and insurance 713.7 755.6
 Financial services 435.0 462.6
 Insurance 278.7 292.9
 Other services 763.8 812.1
 Communication services 166.6 172.5
 Education 171.5 182.3
 Professional and other
 services 145.3 154.0
 Personal care and clothing
 services 105.7 114.3
 Social services and
 religious activities 123.0 131.7
 Household maintenance 56.5 58.6
 Net foreign travel (4.9) (1.2)
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 100.0 108.7
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 104.9 109.9

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 181.8 191.9

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 8,526.0 9,032.6
PCE excluding food and energy 7,513.1 7,940.8
PCE excluding energy 8,207.2 8,674.5
Market-based PCE 7,663.0 8,112.5
 Excluding food and energy 6,468.9 6,829.3

 Billions of chained
 (2000) dollars

 2002 2003 2004

Personal consumption expenditures 7,099.7 7,293.9 7,559.4

 Total goods 2,642.4 2,750.8 2,875.1

 Durable goods 1,003.6 1,060.9 1,128.4
 Motor vehicles and parts 413.6 425.3 432.8
 New motor vehicles 255.2 267.4 271.1
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 113.7 112.2 114.0
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 45.0 46.2 48.1
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 213.7 225.9 244.3
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 127.3 134.0 145.5
 Household appliances 32.7 34.6 37.9
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 34.7 37.0 39.0
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 19.0 20.3 21.9
 Recreational goods and vehicles 264.4 295.1 334.5
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 161.6 186.6 220.5
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 40.7 43.0 46.6
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 36.9 40.8 44.9
 Recreational books 22.7 23.9 24.9
 Musical instruments 4.4 4.5 4.9
 Other durable goods 113.3 118.4 124.9
 Jewelry and watches 52.7 56.3 59.5
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 29.3 299.0 30.9
 Educational books 11.8 11.7 11.6
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 14.0 14.5 16.1
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 5.8 6.7 7.8

 Nondurable goods 1,640.1 1,692.5 1,752.1
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 564.2 575.5 594.4
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 490.9 500.4 514.3
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 72.8 74.6 79.8
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 0.5 0.4 0.4
 Clothing and footwear 307.3 322.9 338.8
 Garments 249.9 263.4 277.4
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 57.4 59.5 61.5
 Gasoline and other energy goods 198.1 199.0 201.4
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 181.9 183.2 186.7
 Fuel oil and other fuels 16.2 15.9 14.7
 Other nondurable goods 570.7 595.6 618.8
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 187.5 200.3 209.7
 Recreational items 95.7 100.7 105.5
 Household supplies 93.7 100.5 107.1
 Personal care products 59.0 61.2 63.7
 Tobacco 76.3 74.1 72.3
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 54.8 55.8 58.9
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 3.7 3.6 3.3

 Services 4,459.2 4,547.9 4,691.6

 Household consumption expenditures 4,308.1 4,387.5 4,522.0
 Housing and utilities 1,186.3 1,197.1 1,227.2
 Housing 989.7 997.2 1,026.4
 Household utilities 196.8 200.1 201.1
 Health care 1,037.1 1,069.0 1,095.4
 Out-patient services 502.1 527.0 550.8
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 535.0 542.4 545.7
 Transportation services 234.9 234.5 237.6
 Motor vehicle services 180.2 178.0 178.5
 Public transportation 54.8 56.8 59.7
 Recreational services 265.8 273.2 287.5
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 97.2 96.6 99.4
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 69.8 71.7 76.1
 Gambling 74.7 80.0 86.4
 Other recreational services 24.2 25.0 25.9
 Food services and accommodations 420.0 433.2 448.1
 Food services 367.6 378.5 390.6
 Accommodation services 52.4 54.8 57.6
 Financial services and insurance 557.8 560.2 593.5
 Financial services 363.8 361.8 386.3
 Insurance 194.1 198.1 207.3
 Other services 605.4 619.3 632.0
 Communication services 156.1 159.7 167.7
 Education 127.6 126.7 122.9
 Professional and other
 services 111.4 115.1 115.2
 Personal care and clothing
 services 81.7 83.9 89.1
 Social services and
 religious activities 97.3 100.3 103.6
 Household maintenance 43.2 44.4 46.6
 Net foreign travel ... ... ...
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 74.6 72.2 77.9
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 86.2 82.1 88.9

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 151.1 160.4 169.9

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 6,948.6 7,133.4 7,389.5
PCE excluding food and energy 6,192.5 6,371.7 6,615.1
PCE excluding energy 6,756.7 6,947.1 7,209.3
Market-based PCE 6,296.2 6,469.5 6,688.7
 Excluding food and energy 5,389.6 5,547.8 5,744.7

 Billions of chained
 (2000) dollars

 2005 2006

Personal consumption expenditures 7,801.6 8,039.8

 Total goods 2,991.8 3,098.8

 Durable goods 1,184.8 1,230.6
 Motor vehicles and parts 432.7 419.4
 New motor vehicles 267.0 252.3
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 115.7 117.0
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 50.2 49.9
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 259.1 278.9
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 156.0 168.8
 Household appliances 39.0 39.9
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 41.2 46.3
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 22.8 24.2
 Recreational goods and vehicles 375.9 419.7
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 261.1 311.4
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 50.4 55.1
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 47.0 45.5
 Recreational books 25.9 27.0
 Musical instruments 5.0 5.2
 Other durable goods 131.5 136.5
 Jewelry and watches 62.7 65.2
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 31.7 32.9
 Educational books 11.6 11.3
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 18.5 19.3
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 8.9 10.7

 Nondurable goods 1,814.4 1,876.6
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 622.3 647.2
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 536.1 555.5
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 85.7 91.4
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 0.4 0.4
 Clothing and footwear 359.4 377.4
 Garments 296.1 311.0
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 63.6 66.6
 Gasoline and other energy goods 198.9 198.2
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 186.1 186.9
 Fuel oil and other fuels 12.9 11.5
 Other nondurable goods 638.9 663.5
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 214.8 222.8
 Recreational items 113.8 121.7
 Household supplies 112.4 117.2
 Personal care products 66.6 69.0
 Tobacco 70.5 70.2
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 61.5 64.7
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 3.1 3.0

 Services 4,820.1 4,953.4

 Household consumption expenditures 4,652.8 4,781.6
 Housing and utilities 1,262.5 1,284.7
 Housing 1,058.1 1,086.2
 Household utilities 204.8 200.0
 Health care 1,134.6 1,172.9
 Out-patient services 573.5 599.2
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 562.5 575.8
 Transportation services 241.7 244.7
 Motor vehicle services 181.7 184.4
 Public transportation 60.5 60.8
 Recreational services 293.0 301.5
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 100.0 101.4
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 77.7 80.2
 Gambling 88.9 92.7
 Other recreational services 26.6 27.5
 Food services and accommodations 462.3 480.7
 Food services 402.0 418.4
 Accommodation services 60.4 62.4
 Financial services and insurance 617.8 637.4
 Financial services 403.8 420.2
 Insurance 214.4 218.3
 Other services 640.3 659.0
 Communication services 172.5 177.6
 Education 122.2 122.1
 Professional and other
 services 116.6 119.0
 Personal care and clothing
 services 90.6 94.5
 Social services and
 religious activities 106.1 109.4
 Household maintenance 47.6 47.6
 Net foreign travel ... ...
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 79.7 84.8
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 92.2 92.3

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 167.0 171.1

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 7,634.4 7,868.0
PCE excluding food and energy 6,830.1 7,053.9
PCE excluding energy 7,452.4 7,701.1
Market-based PCE 6,912.9 7,121.2
 Excluding food and energy 5,942.1 6,136.0

 Chain-type price indexes
 (2000=100)

 2002 2003 2004

Personal consumption expenditures 103.536 105.618 108.419

 Total goods 99.265 99.321 100.917

 Durable goods 95.634 92.354 90.671
 Motor vehicles and parts 100.009 97.534 96.726
 New motor vehicles 97.832 96.474 95.682
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 102.885 96.477 95.093
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 104.257 105.149 105.632
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 96.308 93.502 92.287
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 96.107 93.525 92.210
 Household appliances 98.447 95.428 92.150
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 93.902 90.142 90.024
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 98.293 96.104 97.120
 Recreational goods and vehicles 86.282 80.656 76.750
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 76.811 68.301 62.383
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 95.313 94.530 93.382
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 100.750 99.832 100.435
 Recreational books 104.173 103.350 103.562
 Musical instruments 100.859 99.927 98.705
 Other durable goods 99.074 97.735 97.915
 Jewelry and watches 97.254 93.921 94.490
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 102.536 102.835 104.657
 Educational books 113.408 119.818 125.390
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 92.270 92.079 87.012
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 81.736 72.885 65.390

 Nondurable goods 101.407 103.531 107.206
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 104.407 106.327 109.621
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 104.451 106.385 109.754
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 104.188 105.950 108.672
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 94.696 107.165 123.770
 Clothing and footwear 95.540 93.134 92.761
 Garments 94.934 92.325 91.906
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 98.194 96.677 96.517
 Gasoline and other energy goods 90.184 105.252 123.921
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 90.434 105.214 123.990
 Fuel oil and other fuels 87.340 105.701 123.062
 Other nondurable goods 105.457 105.819 107.115
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 109.413 112.546 115.804
 Recreational items 96.830 93.865 93.251
 Household supplies 101.563 98.277 97.369
 Personal care products 100.758 99.883 100.060
 Tobacco 116.837 118.762 121.031
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 102.481 102.957 103.595
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 108.178 134.461 152.934

 Services 106.023 109.316 112.848

 Household consumption expenditures 105.966 109.451 112.848
 Housing and utilities 107.668 111.122 114.094
 Housing 108.080 110.813 113.408
 Household utilities 105.524 112.580 117.453
 Health care 105.965 109.941 114.054
 Out-patient services 104.556 106.675 109.451
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 107.290 113.038 118.470
 Transportation services 102.783 105.058 106.342
 Motor vehicle services 106.130 108.025 109.508
 Public transportation 91.681 95.171 95.836
 Recreational services 106.218 109.476 112.400
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 106.411 110.330 112.940
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 106.820 109.688 112.421
 Gambling 104.452 106.835 109.690
 Other recreational services 109.005 113.525 118.418
 Food services and accommodations 105.406 107.619 111.174
 Food services 105.887 108.194 111.469
 Accommodation services 102.061 103.614 109.085
 Financial services and insurance 102.847 106.493 111.822
 Financial services 104.646 102.699 105.523
 Insurance 105.084 113.528 123.478
 Other services 107.157 111.168 115.132
 Communication services 99.421 99.131 97.373
 Education 112.042 120.607 130.788
 Professional and other
 services 110.299 114.949 119.990
 Personal care and clothing
 services 106.526 109.102 112.296
 Social services and
 religious activities 105.921 109.139 112.378
 Household maintenance 108.053 111.002 114.047
 Net foreign travel ... ... ...
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 104.942 111.506 118.773
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 101.425 104.461 108.829

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 107.648 105.581 105.700

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 103.446 105.619 108.481
PCE excluding food and energy 103.841 105.385 107.620
PCE excluding energy 103.889 105.465 107.787
Market-based PCE 103.100 105.227 107.782
 Excluding food and energy 103.452 104.894 106.758

 Chain-type price indexes
 (2000=100)

 2005 2006

Personal consumption expenditures 111.616 114.735

 Total goods 103.207 104.918

 Durable goods 89.922 88.845
 Motor vehicles and parts 98.417 98.982
 New motor vehicles 96.184 95.598
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 99.217 100.725
 Motor vehicle parts
 and accessories 108.134 112.477
 Furnishings and durable
 household equipment 92.310 91.689
 Furniture, furnishings
 and floor coverings 91.267 90.307
 Household appliances 94.868 97.320
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 89.537 86.478
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 99.922 101.028
 Recreational goods and vehicles 72.607 68.402
 Video, audio photographic
 and information processing
 equipment and media 56.208 50.210
 Sporting equipment, supplies,
 guns and ammunition 92.328 91.168
 Sports and recreational
 vehicles 102.095 104.686
 Recreational books 103.153 102.493
 Musical instruments 98.568 98.449
 Other durable goods 96.896 99.157
 Jewelry and watches 93.106 95.384
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 106.623 109.314
 Educational books 130.599 138.872
 Luggage and similar
 personal items 79.805 81.346
 Telephone and facsimile
 equipment 60.154 54.715

 Nondurable goods 111.461 114.990
 Food and beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 111.545 113.363
 Food and nonalcoholic
 beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 111.788 113.678
 Alcoholic beverages
 (purchased for off-premise
 consumption) 109.893 111.300
 Food produced and
 consumed on farms 127.507 122.618
 Clothing and footwear 91.949 91.511
 Garments 90.441 89.794
 Other clothing materials
 and shoes 98.693 99.236
 Gasoline and other energy goods 151.682 171.514
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 150.840 170.500
 Fuel oil and other fuels 163.149 185.433
 Other nondurable goods 108.934 111.362
 Pharmaceutical and other
 medical products 119.293 124.090
 Recreational items 90.716 90.047
 Household supplies 98.018 98.972
 Personal care products 100.329 101.221
 Tobacco 127.309 131.636
 Magazines, newspapers,
 and stationery 105.443 107.002
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 163.451 175.815

 Services 116.598 120.589

 Household consumption expenditures 116.598 120.589
 Housing and utilities 118.209 123.286
 Housing 116.264 120.374
 Household utilities 128.024 138.203
 Health care 117.652 121.181
 Out-patient services 112.147 114.156
 Hospital and nursing
 home services 122.976 128.061
 Transportation services 109.442 113.645
 Motor vehicle services 112.768 116.765
 Public transportation 98.427 103.215
 Recreational services 115.568 119.516
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters
 and museums 115.814 119.995
 Audio-video, photographic
 and information equipment
 processing services 114.676 118.384
 Gambling 113.391 117.050
 Other recreational services 123.575 128.286
 Food services and accommodations 114.755 118.576
 Food services 114.940 118.580
 Accommodation services 113.403 118.432
 Financial services and insurance 115.521 118.535
 Financial services 107.732 110.105
 Insurance 129.964 134.188
 Other services 119.276 123.243
 Communication services 96.605 97.096
 Education 140.376 149.229
 Professional and other
 services 124.571 129.388
 Personal care and clothing
 services 116.646 120.925
 Social services and
 religious activities 115.900 120.450
 Household maintenance 118.676 123.236
 Net foreign travel ... ...
 Foreign travel by U.S.
 residents 125.509 128.167
 Less: Expenditures in the
 U.S. by nonresidents 113.774 118.974

 Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions
 serving households 108.852 111.809

Addenda:

Household consumption expenditures 111.679 114.802
PCE excluding food and energy 110.000 112.574
PCE excluding energy 110.129 112.640
Market-based PCE 110.850 113.921
 Excluding food and energy 108.865 111.300

Table 8. New Structure for Personal Consumption Expenditures by
Function (Billions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Personal consumption
 expenditures 7,350.7 7,703.6 8,195.9

Household consumption expenditures 7,188.0 7,534.3 8,016.3
 Food and beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 589.1 611.9 651.6
 Food and nonalcoholic beverages
 purchased for off-premise
 consumption 512.8 532.3 564.4
 Alcoholic beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 75.8 79.1 86.7
 Food produced and consumed
 on farms 0.5 0.5 0.5
 Clothing and footwear 310.4 317.0 331.1
 Clothing 260.5 266.2 278.7
 Garments 237.2 243.2 255.0
 Clothing materials 6.5 6.7 7.1
 Cleaning, repair, and rental
 of clothing 16.4 15.9 16.4
 Standard clothing issued to
 military personnel, 0.4 0.5 0.3
 Footwear 49.9 50.7 52.4
 Housing and utilities 1,291.5 1,347.1 1,418.2
 Housing 1,069.6 1,105.0 1,164.0
 Household utilities 221.8 242.0 254.3
 Water supply and sanitation 55.1 57.8 60.6
 Electricity, gas and
 other fuels 166.7 184.2 193.7
 Furnishings, household equipment
 and routine household maintenance 347.6 359.4 382.9
 Furniture, furnishings and
 floor coverings 116.8 119.5 127.8
 Household textiles 36.3 374.0 39.5
 Household appliances 36.2 37.1 39.2
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 32.6 33.4 35.1
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 18.6 19.6 21.3
 Other household goods
 and services 107.1 112.4 120.1
 Health 1,334.2 1,431.5 1,524.9
 Medical products, appliances
 and equipment 235.2 256.2 275.2
 Pharmaceutical products 203.8 224.0 241.3
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 30.0 30.8 32.4
 Other medical products 1.4 1.4 1.5
 Out-patient services 525.0 562.1 602.8
 Physician services 275.1 297.2 318.3
 Dental services 72.2 74.6 80.2
 Paramedical services 177.7 190.4 204.4
 Hospital and nursing homes
 services 574.0 613.1 646.5
 Hospitals 478.3 512.8 542.7
 Nursing homes 95.6 100.3 103.8
 Transportation 819.6 853.9 902.8
 Motor vehicles 366.7 366.2 367.8
 New motor vehicles 249.7 258.0 259.3
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 117.0 108.2 108.4
 Motor vehicle operation 402.7 433.7 477.8
 Motor vehicle parts and
 accessories 46.9 48.6 50.8
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 164.5 192.7 231.5
 Motor vehicle maintenance
 and repair 136.4 141.8 146.8
 Other motor vehicle services 54.8 50.5 48.7
 Public transportation 50.2 54.1 57.2
 Ground transportation 19.9 20.8 21.8
 Air transportation 28.3 31.2 33.3
 Water transportation 2.0 2.0 2.1
 Communication 160.0 163.2 168.4
 Postal and delivery services 12.0 11.6 11.8
 Telephone and facsimile equipment 4.7 4.9 5.1
 Telecommunication services 130.2 131.2 134.5
 Internet access 13.1 15.6 16.9
 Recreation 659.3 689.0 739.4
 Video and audio equipment,
 computers and related services 181.2 188.6 205.8
 Sports and recreational goods
 and related services 145.5 151.9 161.9
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters,
 and museums 103.4 106.6 112.3
 Magazines, newspapers, books,
 and stationery, 79.8 82.2 86.8
 Gambling 78.0 85.5 94.8
 Pets, pet products and services 44.1 46.3 49.6
 Photographic goods and services 20.9 21.1 20.8
 Package tours 6.3 7.0 7.4
 Education 156.4 166.7 175.4
 Educational books 13.4 14.0 14.6
 Higher education 85.4 92.5 98.1
 Nursery, elementary, and
 secondary schools 28.3 29.8 31.3
 Commercial and vocational
 schools 29.4 30.4 31.4
 Food services and accommodations 442.7 466.3 498.2
 Food services 389.2 409.5 435.4
 Accommodations 53.5 56.8 62.8
 Financial services and insurance 573.7 596.5 663.7
 Financial services 369.8 371.6 407.7
 Insurance 203.9 224.9 256.0
 Other goods and services 508.9 532.4 559.3
 Personal care 129.7 136.4 146.9
 Personal items 64.1 66.1 70.2
 Social services and religious
 activities 103.0 109.5 116.4
 Professional and other services 122.9 132.3 138.3
 Tobacco 89.2 88.0 87.5
 Net foreign travel and expenditures
 abroad by U.S. residents -5.1 -0.5 0.8
 Foreign travel by U.S. residents 78.2 80.5 92.5
 Less: Expenditures in the United
 States by nonresidents 87.4 85.8 96.8
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 4.0 4.8 5.0
Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions serving
 households 162.7 169.4 179.6

 2005 2006

 Personal consumption
 expenditures 8,707.8 9,224.5

Household consumption expenditures 8,526.0 9,032.6
 Food and beverages purchased for
 off-premise consumption 694.1 733.7
 Food and nonalcoholic beverages
 purchased for off-premise
 consumption 599.3 631.5
 Alcoholic beverages purchased
 for off-premise consumption 94.2 101.7
 Food produced and consumed
 on farms 0.5 0.5
 Clothing and footwear 347.9 363.8
 Clothing 292.4 305.1
 Garments 267.8 279.2
 Clothing materials 7.3 7.6
 Cleaning, repair, and rental
 of clothing 17.0 18.0
 Standard clothing issued to
 military personnel, 0.4 0.4
 Footwear 55.5 58.6
 Housing and utilities 1,513.4 1,605.3
 Housing 1,230.2 1,307.5
 Household utilities 283.2 297.8
 Water supply and sanitation 63.3 66.4
 Electricity, gas and
 other fuels 219.9 231.4
 Furnishings, household equipment
 and routine household maintenance 405.8 430.4
 Furniture, furnishings and
 floor coverings 135.7 145.4
 Household textiles 41.5 43.6
 Household appliances 41.5 43.4
 Glassware, tableware and
 household utensils 36.9 40.1
 Tools and equipment for
 house and garden 22.8 24.4
 Other household goods
 and services 127.4 133.5
 Health 1,624.9 1,733.9
 Medical products, appliances
 and equipment 290.1 312.5
 Pharmaceutical products 254.6 274.8
 Therapeutic appliances
 and equipment 33.8 36.0
 Other medical products 1.6 1.7
 Out-patient services 643.2 684.0
 Physician services 340.1 360.8
 Dental services 85.2 90.3
 Paramedical services 217.9 232.9
 Hospital and nursing homes
 services 691.7 737.4
 Hospitals 581.5 619.8
 Nursing homes 110.2 117.5
 Transportation 971.0 1,011.8
 Motor vehicles 371.6 359.0
 New motor vehicles 256.8 241.2
 Net purchases of used
 motor vehicles 114.8 117.9
 Motor vehicle operation 539.9 590.0
 Motor vehicle parts and
 accessories 54.3 56.1
 Motor vehicle fuels,
 lubricants, and fluids 280.7 318.6
 Motor vehicle maintenance
 and repair 152.6 158.8
 Other motor vehicle services 52.3 56.5
 Public transportation 59.6 62.8
 Ground transportation 22.9 24.6
 Air transportation 34.4 35.6
 Water transportation 2.3 2.5
 Communication 172.0 178.3
 Postal and delivery services 12.0 12.5
 Telephone and facsimile equipment 5.4 5.8
 Telecommunication services 136.0 139.3
 Internet access 18.6 20.7
 Recreation 779.5 826.2
 Video and audio equipment,
 computers and related services 219.3 235.4
 Sports and recreational goods
 and related services 171.2 178.7
 Membership clubs, sports
 centers, parks, theaters,
 and museums 115.8 121.7
 Magazines, newspapers, books,
 and stationery, 91.5 97.0
 Gambling 100.8 108.5
 Pets, pet products and services 52.7 56.3
 Photographic goods and services 20.4 19.8
 Package tours 7.9 8.9
 Education 186.6 197.9
 Educational books 15.1 15.7
 Higher education 105.0 111.8
 Nursery, elementary, and
 secondary schools 32.8 34.4
 Commercial and vocational
 schools 33.6 36.1
 Food services and accommodations 530.5 570.0
 Food services 462.0 496.1
 Accommodations 68.5 73.9
 Financial services and insurance 713.7 755.6
 Financial services 435.0 462.6
 Insurance 278.7 292.9
 Other goods and services 586.3 621.6
 Personal care 155.1 165.7
 Personal items 73.1 77.8
 Social services and religious
 activities 123.0 131.7
 Professional and other services 145.3 154.0
 Tobacco 89.7 92.4
 Net foreign travel and expenditures
 abroad by U.S. residents 0.1 4.1
 Foreign travel by U.S. residents 100.0 108.7
 Less: Expenditures in the United
 States by nonresidents 104.9 109.9
 Expenditures abroad by U.S.
 residents (net) 5.0 5.3
Final consumption expenditures of
 nonprofit institutions serving
 households 181.8 191.9

Chart 1. Current and New PCE by Major Type of Product, 2002

CURRENT

Nondurable goods including
purchased meals
and beverages 28%

Services 59%

Durable goods 13%

NEW

Nondurable goods 23%

Services including purchased
meals and beverages 64%

Durable goods 13%

Note: Table made from pie chart.