GDP for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands: annual estimates for 2002-2007.

Hamano, Aya ; Mayerhauser, Nicole M. ; McCully, Clinton P. 等

IN EARLY 2009, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) began work on a project to develop the first official estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The estimates were developed in partnership with the Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs (OIA), which provided funding for this project (called the Statistical Improvement Program) and facilitated interactions between BEA and the territorial governments. (1) The purpose of this ongoing project is to provide data users with a comprehensive, objective measure of economic growth for these four U.S. territories.

GDP measures the value of final goods and services produced by an economy (in this case, the economies of the four territories) in a given period. The estimates of total GDP described in this article were initially released in May. Estimates of the components of GDP were later released during separate visits to the four territories. According to these estimates, real GDP--GDP adjusted to remove price changes--grew in each of the territories except the CNMI from 2002 to 2007. American Samoa's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 0.4 percent; Guam's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent; and the U.S. Virgin Islands' GDP grew at an average annual rate of 2.9 percent. In contrast, the CNMI's GDP decreased at an average annual rate of 4.2 percent. (For comparison, the average annual growth rate for the United States excluding the territories was 2.7 percent over this period.) (2)

This GDP measurement project represents an important first step toward achieving BEA and OIA's ultimate goal: to integrate these territories not only into the estimates of national GDP but also into the full set of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs). Currently, the NIPAs cover the 50 states and the District of Columbia, and transactions with the territories are included in transactions with the "rest-of-the-world."

A primary obstacle to realizing this long-term goal is the lack of coverage of these four territories by most of the major surveys used by BEA to produce its estimates of GDP and related economic measures. (3) Because the territories are not within the scope of most of these surveys, BEA depended heavily on the assistance and information provided by each of the territorial governments. (For a complete list of contributors, see the box "Acknowledgments.")

The estimates of GDP for American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are presented in this article. The accompanying tables show estimates of GDP and its major components, including consumer spending, private fixed investment, private inventory investment, net exports of goods and services, and government spending. (4) The methods used to derive the estimates for all four territories are described in the appendix "Summary of Methodologies."

Real GDP Growth Highlights

American Samoa

From 2002 to 2007, real gross domestic product of American Samoa increased at an average annual rate of 0.4 percent. Real GDP increased in each year except 2006 (table 1). The population of American Samoa increased at an average annual rate of 2.3 percent, and per capita real GDP decreased at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent. The price index for GDP decreased at an average annual rate of 0.5 percent; the price index for consumer spending increased at an average annual rate of 3.0 percent.

The largest private industry in American Samoa from 2002 to 2007 was the tuna canning industry. Between 2002 and 2007, the tuna cannery share of total private employment averaged 42 percent. (5) Exports of the canneries accounted for over 90 percent of total exports from 2002 to 2007. Imports associated with the canneries accounted for a large portion of total imports. These imports included tin plates, landed fish, and petroleum products used by the canneries. The primary component of inventory investment was tin plates used by the canneries.

The estimates of GDP for American Samoa show the impact of the tuna canning industry on the economic growth of the territory. Changes in exports, imports, and inventory investment associated with the tuna canning industry accounted for much of the year-to-year variation in real GDP growth between 2002 and 2007. For example, the increase in real GDP in 2005 reflected an increase in cannery exports and a decrease in cannery imports that were partly offset by a decrease in cannery inventory investment. The decrease in real GDP in 2006 reflected a decrease in cannery exports that was partly offset by a decrease in cannery imports and a smaller decumulation of cannery inventories.

Consumer spending and government spending also significantly affected economic growth from 2002 to 2007. The growth in real GDP in 2003 reflected an increase in consumer spending (in addition to an increase in inventory investment of the canneries). Consumer spending also increased in 2004; however, this growth was offset by a decrease in government spending that reflected a decrease in major public construction projects. Government spending continued to decrease in each year from 2005 to 2007, largely reflecting decreases in public construction activity.

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

From 2002 to 2007, real GDP of CNMI decreased at an average annual rate of 4.2 percent. Real GDP increased in 2003 but decreased in each year from 2004 to 2007 (table 2). The population of the CNMI decreased rapidly as foreign workers left the territory, and per capita real GDP increased at an average annual rate of 0.5 percent. The price index for GDP decreased at an average annual rate of 2.0 percent; the price index for personal consumption expenditures increased at an average annual rate of 0.4 percent.

From 2002 to 2007, the largest private industries in the CNMI were the garment manufacturing industry and the tourism industry. Exports associated with these industries accounted for the vast majority of exports of goods and services. Imports of the garment manufacturing industry were also a major component of total imports of goods. From 2002 and 2007, the garment manufacturing and tourism industries in the CNMI experienced a number of economic shocks. Garment manufacturing was impacted by a reduction of quotas on imports to the United States of foreign textiles and garments. Tourism was affected by the SARS epidemic, the outbreak of avian flu, and the suspension of two major airline carriers' daily flights from Japan. (6)

The estimates of GDP for the CNMI highlight the impact that the garment manufacturing and tourism industries had on the CNMI's economy. For example, the notable decrease in real GDP in 2005 reflected significant decreases in exports of garments and in exports of tourism services. Real GDP continued to decrease in 2006 and 2007, reflecting further decreases in both types of exports. (7)

Consumer spending and territorial government spending also contributed to variations in real GDP growth from 2002 to 2007. The increase in real GDP in 2003 was more than accounted for by an increase in consumer spending. (8) The decrease in real GDP in 2004 was more than accounted for by decreases in territorial government spending and in consumer spending. The decrease in real GDP in 2005 reflected continued decreases in consumer spending and territorial government spending in addition to the decrease in exports. The decrease in real GDP in 2007 also reflected a significant decrease in territorial government spending.

Guam

From 2002 to 2007, the real GDP of Guam grew at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent (table 3). The population increased at an average annual rate of 1.5 percent, and real GDP per capita increased at an average annual rate of 0.3 percent. The price index for GDP increased at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent; the price index for personal consumption expenditures increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent.

The primary sectors of Guam's economy are government and tourism. The federal government's presence in Guam is much larger than in American Samoa, the CNMI, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In 2007, federal government expenditures accounted for more than 25 percent of current-dollar GDP; the majority of these expenditures reflected federal defense spending. Exports of tourism services were the primary component of exports of services, accounting for more than 15 percent of current-dollar GDP in 2007. (9) Guam's tourism industry was affected by a number of external factors during this period, including the SARS epidemic and the outbreak of avian flu that also affected the CNMI's tourism industry.

The estimates of the major components of Guam's GDP show that changes in government spending and in exports of tourism services accounted for much of the year-to-year volatility in real GDP growth. The estimates also show that changes in consumer spending significantly affected economic growth. The decrease in real GDP in 2003 reflected decreases in consumer spending and in exports of tourism services that were partly offset by a decrease in imports and an increase in government spending (including construction spending). (10) After contracting in 2003, Guam's economy rebounded in 2004. The growth in real GDP in 2004 was more than accounted for by increases in consumer spending and in exports of tourism services. (11) Real GDP continued to increase in 2005; this increase was more than accounted for by increases in consumer spending and in government spending. The largest contributor to the decrease in real GDP in 2006 was a decrease in exports of tourism services. (12) In 2007, real GDP increased, reflecting positive contributions from all major components of GDP except net exports of goods and services; the largest positive contributions were from government spending and consumer spending.

U.S. Virgin Islands

From 2002 to 2007, real GDP of the U.S. Virgin Islands grew at an average annual rate of 2.9 percent. Real GDP decreased in 2003 but increased in each year from 2004 to 2007 (table 4). The population increased at an average annual rate of 0.8 percent, and per capita real GDP increased at an average annual rate of 2.0 percent. The price index for GDP increased at an average annual rate of 5.2 percent; the price index for personal consumption expenditures increased at an average annual rate of 4.5 percent.

The estimates of GDP for the U.S. Virgin Islands highlight the effect that the oil refining industry has had on the territory's economic growth from 2002 to 2007. Along with tourism, oil refining ranks among the most important industries in the territory. In fact, the Hovensa oil refinery, located on St. Croix, is one of the world's largest oil refineries. Changes in exports, imports, and investment (including inventory investment) associated with the oil refining industry accounted for much of the year-to-year variation in real GDP growth. For example, the decrease in real GDP in 2003 reflected a decrease in construction activity due to the completion in 2002 of several large private and public sector projects, including a $0.5 billion coker unit for the oil refinery in St. Croix. (13) The increase in real GDP in 2005 also reflected an increase in construction activity associated with the oil refinery: specifically, the construction of a desulfurization unit that began in September of that year. (14) The increase in real GDP in 2007 largely reflected trade activities associated with the oil refining industry. The decrease in imports of crude oil was far greater than the decrease in exports of refined petroleum, resulting in a large increase in net exports of goods and services. A decrease in petroleum inventory investment partly offset the increase in net exports.

The strength of the private economy and growth in corporate profits tax revenue in 2006 and 2007 helped to fund increases in territorial government spending. These increases in government spending contributed significantly to real GDP growth in 2006 and 2007.

Other notable factors affecting economic growth in the U.S. Virgin Islands were changes in territorial government spending (other than those described above), changes in exports of tourism services, and changes in consumer spending. As noted previously, the decrease in real GDP in 2003 reflected the completion in 2002 of several private and public sector construction projects. The major government construction projects included the expansion of St. Croix's Henry E. Rohlsen Airport and various road and housing construction projects. (15) The increase in real GDP in 2004 largely reflected an increase in exports of tourism services, which is the primary component of exports of services for the U.S. Virgin Islands. In 2005 and 2006, increases in consumer spending contributed significantly to the increases in real GDP.

Future Directions

Over the next several months, BEA will continue to work closely with the territorial governments to extend the estimates of GDP for the four territories. Estimates for 2008 and 2009, in addition to revised estimates for 2002-2007, are scheduled to be released in the spring of 2011.

It is important to note that GDP is only one summary measure of economic activity. Future enhancements to the estimates for the four territories (subject to data availability) include developing other measures found in the full set of the NIPAs, such as personal income and saving rates.

Appendix: Summary of Methodologies

Gross domestic product (GDP) is measured as the sum of consumer spending (or "personal consumption expenditures"), private investment, net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services, and government spending (or "government consumption expenditures and gross investment"). The methodologies used to estimate the major components of GDP for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are summarized below. These methods are consistent with the methods used to estimate U.S. GDP. Information from the Economic Census of Island Areas was used to establish levels of GDP for each territory for 2002 and 2007. Annual series were then developed and used to estimate GDP for the intervening years.

Consumer spending. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) consists primarily of purchases of goods and services by households. (16) For American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam, economic census data on the consumer shares of sales for each industry sector were used to benchmark the estimates of household purchases of most goods. For the CNMI and Guam, annual growth rates for most goods and services were derived using gross business revenue data; for American Samoa, annual growth rates for most goods were derived using data on imports of goods. Annual estimates of goods for the U.S. Virgin Islands were mostly based on imports data from the Census Bureau's U.S. Trade With Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions (series FT895) and U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services (series FT900). (17)

Economic census data on the consumer shares of sales for each industry sector were used for all four territories to benchmark the estimates of most services except housing and utilities. Annual growth rates were derived primarily using gross business revenue data for the CNMI and Guam and wage data for American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Housing services and utilities services were estimated independently. Housing services were estimated using information on the number of occupied housing units and average rental rates reported in the Census of Population and Housing. Utilities services were estimated using revenue data reported by government-owned utilities and by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Other services not covered by the economic census--such as financial services furnished without payment, insurance, and sales by government--were also estimated independently.

Private investment. Private investment consists of spending on new fixed assets--equipment, software and structures by private businesses, and improvements to existing assets. It also includes the construction of new residential structures and the improvements to these structures. (18) Because of data limitations, estimates of private investment in equipment and software and in structures were indirectly measured. Investment in equipment and software was estimated based on the value of imports of capital goods or on economic census data on the business share of sales of the wholesale durable goods sector. (19) Investment in structures was estimated using building permit data and construction industry receipts less sales to other construction firms and less sales to government as reported in the economic census. (20)

Net exports of goods and services. The estimates of exports of goods to the United States from the four territories reflected data from the Census Bureau's FT895 publication. Estimates of exports of goods from American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam to the rest of the world were based on information compiled by the territorial governments. Estimates of exports of goods from the U.S. Virgin Islands to the rest of the world were based on data from the series FT900 publication. Estimates of imports of goods for American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam were based on values or quantities of imported commodities reported by the territorial governments. For the U.S. Virgin Islands, estimates of imports of goods reflected data from the series FT895 and FT900 publications.

Information on imports of services and on exports of services other than tourism was limited. Estimates of exports of tourism services for the CNMI and Guam were based on survey data on tourist expenditures and visitor arrivals provided by the territorial government visitors' authorities. For the U.S. Virgin Islands, the estimate of exports of tourism services was based on total visitor expenditures published by the Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research. (21)

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment. The estimates of government expenditures were prepared separately for the territorial governments and for the federal government sector. The primary sources of information for the territorial governments estimates were financial statements of the primary government and of the government component units. The main data source for the federal government estimates was the Consolidated Federal Funds Report, an annual report published by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Estimates of real GDP. Inflation-adjusted estimates of total GDP and its components were derived within a chain-type Fisher Index framework. For most of the detailed components of GDP, inflation-adjusted estimates were calculated by deflating each component using an appropriate price index. Consumer price indexes produced by each territorial government were used to deflate most of the detailed components of PCE. Inflation-adjusted estimates for most components other than PCE were calculated using U.S. prices from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Acknowledgments

Aya Hamano of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Wali Osman of the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) oversaw the preparation of the first official estimates of gross domestic product for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

From BEA, Clinton P. McCully prepared the estimates of GDP for American Samoa, Nicole M. Mayerhauser prepared the estimates of GDP for the CNMI and Guam, and Carol E. Moylan prepared the estimates of GDP for the U.S. Virgin Islands. Brent R. Moulton, Associate Director for National Economic Accounts, and Brian C. Moyer, Associate Director for Industry Economic Accounts, provided overall supervision.

Other significant contributors from BEA were: Jennifer A. Bennett, Elizabeth C. Bernstein, Eric A. Bryda, Benjamin D. Cowan, Matthew M. Donahoe, Alyssa E. Holdren, Robert J. Kornfeld, Dennis Lally, Kristina L. Maze, Charles Ian Mead, Edward T. Morgan, William H. Nicolls IV, Lisa C. Ninomiya, Nadia F. Sadee, Andrew G. Schmidt, Shane T. Taylor, Elizabeth M. Terroni, and Matthew D. Tschetter.

From the U.S. Census Bureau, Marc Rubin prepared data analysis and provided a detailed methodological and data review of the GDP estimates. The Company Statistics Division provided data from the Economic Census of Island Areas.

From the U.S. Department of the Interior, Tony Babauta, Assistant Secretary for Insular Affairs, and Nikolao Pula, Director of OIA, provided support throughout the project. Lydia Faleafine-Nomura, Basil Ottley, and R. Jeffrey Schorr of OIA served as liaisons between BEA and the territorial governments.

Brian Hannon, Survey Statistics Consultant, provided Household Income and Expenditure Survey data.

BEA would also like to thank the governor's offices of the four territories for their contributions. Governor Togiola T.A. Tulafono and Lieutenant Governor Faoa A. Sunia of American Samoa, Governor Benigno Fitial and Lieutenant Governor Eloy Inos of the CNMI, Governor Felix R Camacho and Lieutenant Governor Michael W. Cruz, MD of Guam, and Governor John P. de Jongh and Lieutenant Governor Gregory R. Francis of the U.S. Virgin Islands contributed guidance and support throughout the project. Other key contributors are listed below.

American Samoa: Faleseu Eliu Paopao, Director, Department of Commerce (DOC); Lelei Peau, Deputy Director, DOC; Vai Filiga, Chief Statistician, DOC; Alex Zodiacal, Manager, DOC; Ma'u A-Leha, Economic Planner Practitioner, DOC; Melvin Joseph, Manager, Tax Office, Department of Treasury; and Glen Lefiti, Chief Customs Officer, Department of Treasury.

CNMI: Michael Ada, Secretary, Department of Commerce; Ivan A. Blanco, Director, Central Statistics Division (CSD); Justin H. Andrew, Computer Specialist, CSD; Edward Deleon Guerrero, Director, Commonwealth Ports Authority (CPA); MaryAnn Q. Lizama, Manager of the Port of Saipan, CPA; Derek T. Sasamoto, Comptroller, CPA; Perry J. P. Tenorio, Director, Marianas Visitors Authority (MVA); Judy C. Torres, Deputy Director, MVA; Robert A. Schrack, Acting Secretary, Department of Finance (DOF); Connie Salas, Acting Secretary, DOF; Canice Diaz, Revenue Agent, DOF; Marie T. Muna, Computer Programmer, DOF; Vivian P. Nogis, Statistics Specialist, DOF.

Guam: J. George Bamba, Chief of Staff, Office of the Governor; Alberto A. Lamorena V, Director, Bureau of Statistics and Plans (BSP); Albert Perez, Chief Economist, BSP; Machelle Leon Guerrero, Chief Planner, BSP; Bertha Duenas, Director, Bureau of Budget and Management; Lourdes Perez, Director, Department of Administration (DOA); Ken Borja, Management Analyst, DOA; Goody Rosario, Accounting Supervisor, DOA; Maria S. Connelley, Director, Department of Labor (DOL); Gary Hiles, Chief Economist, DOL; Gerard Limtiaco, Program Coordinator, DOL; Artemio Ilagan, Director, Department of Revenue and Taxation (DRT); Paul J. Pablo, Deputy Tax Commissioner, DRT; Jennifer Untalan, Revenue Agent, DRT; Doris E Brooks, Public Auditor, Office of the Public Auditor; Gerry Perez, General Manager, Guam Visitors Bureau (GVB); Deborah M. Phillips, Administrator, GVB.

U.S. Virgin Islands: Lauritz Mills, Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research (VIBER); Donnie Dorsett, Senior Economist, VIBER; Claudette Watson-Anderson, Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; Sandra Rey, Senior Research Analyst, Virgin Islands Department of Labor; Virgin Islands Office of Management and Budget; Virgin Islands Department of Finance.

(1.) OIA is the federal agency that manages the federal government's relations with the governments of American Samoa, CNMI, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It works with these territories to encourage economic development, transparency of government, financial stability, and accountability.

(2.) Before the release of the 2010 annual revision of the NIPAs, the average annual growth rate for U.S. real GDP from 2002 to 2007 was 2.8 percent, as stated in the territorial GDP releases.

(3.) These surveys include merchant wholesale trade and retail trade surveys; the annual capital expenditures survey; value of construction put in place; the service annual survey; the annual survey of manufactures; manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders; and government finances.

(4.) Private inventory investment is assumed to be negligible for the CNMI and Guam and is not shown in the tables for these territories. "Consumer spending" refers to "personal consumption expenditures," "inventory investment" refers to "change in private inventories," and "government spending" refers to "government consumption expenditures and gross investment."

(5.) See Department of Commerce Statistics Division, American Samoa Statistical Yearbook 2008.

(6.) See Marianas Visitors Authority "Japan Arrivals Down 28% in April" (May 2007) at www.mymarianas.com/html/display.cfm?sid=1676.

(7.) According to data published by the CNMI Department of Commerce, from 2005 to 2007, exports of garments measured in current dollars fell by over 50 percent, and the number of visitor arrivals decreased by over 20 percent. See "Economic Indicator" (January-March 2009).

(8.) Prices of consumer good and services decreased in 2003 (table 2). This decrease primarily reflected movements in the consumer price index for the territory published by tile Central Statistics Division of the CNMI Department of Commerce.

(9.) The tourism industry in Guam is highly dependent on visitors from Asia, particularly visitors from Japan and Korea. Together, these two markets accounted for almost 90 percent of total air arrivals in Guam from 2002 to 2007. See Bureau of Statistics and Plans, Guam Statistical Yearbook (2008).

(10.) Guam's economy was affected in 2003 by the aftermath of Typhoon Pongsona, which struck Guam in December 2002.

(11.) Total air arrivals increased by 31 percent in 2004 following a decrease of 17 percent in 2003. See 2008 Guam Statistical Yearbook.

(12.) The decrease in exports of tourism services partly reflected a decrease in average on-island expenditures by Japanese tourists. See 2008 Guam Statistical Yearbook.

(13.) See Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Virgin Islands Economic Review (January 2003) at www.usviber.org/pdfs/EconReviewJan2003.pdf.

(14.) See Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Virgin Islands Economic Review and Industry Outlook (March 2006) at www.usviber.org/ pdfs/EconReviewMar2006.pdf.

(15.) See Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research, U.S. Virgin Islands Economic Review (January 2003).

(16.) A small portion of PCE consists of purchases by nonprofit institutions serving households.

(17.) It was assumed for both American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands that most consumer purchases of goods were imported.

(18.) For American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands, private investment also includes private inventory investment (or "change in private inventories").

(19.) For Guam, after discussion with officials in the Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans, it was assumed that a majority of the goods purchased by durable goods wholesalers for resale were imported.

(20.) The method assumed that the receipts by construction industry reported in the economic census were collected for work done in the same year.

(21.) Exports of tourism services were a small component of American Samoa's economy and are not discussed.

Aya Hamano, Nicole M. Mayerhauser, Clinton P. McCully, and Carol E. Moylan are all economists at the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Marc Rubin, senior economist at the Census Bureau's International Programs Center, previously developed a set of preliminary gross domestic product estimates for the territories. His work was based on the five summary account framework used by BEA before its 2003 comprehensive revision of the national income and product accounts.

Table 1. Highlights of GDP Growth, American Samoa

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real GDP

                                              2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                       1.5         0.7
Personal consumption expenditures              2.5         4.9
Private fixed investment                       3.3        35.8
Change in private inventories                  ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services              ...         ...
  Exports                                     -2.2       -16.0
    Goods                                     -2.4       -16.8
    Services                                   1.0        -1.2
  Imports                                      1.9       -14.8
    Goods                                      1.4       -15.4
    Services                                   8.6        -5.8
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          1.1        -7.0
  Federal                                     65.9        10.8
  Territorial                                 -2.2        -8.5

                                              2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                       2.1        -2.9
Personal consumption expenditures              0.1         0.2
Private fixed investment                      12.4        -8.4
Change in private inventories                  ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services              ...         ...
  Exports                                      4.4        -6.9
    Goods                                      5.4        -6.9
    Services                                 -10.3        -7 3
  Imports                                     -5.9        -3.4
    Goods                                     -5.3        -3.5
    Services                                 -13.5        -1.5
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment         -2.9        -4.3
  Federal                                    -40.2       -17.2
  Territorial                                  0.9        -3.5

                                                      2002-2007
                                              2007     average

  Gross domestic product                       0.5         0.4
Personal consumption expenditures             -2.0         1.1
Private fixed investment                      -2.5         7.1
Change in private inventories                  ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services              ...         ...
  Exports                                      1.1        -4.2
    Goods                                      1.8        -4.1
    Services                                 -11.5        -6.0
  Imports                                     -6.9        -6.0
    Goods                                     -7.0        -6.1
    Services                                  -5.7        -3.8
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment         -6.1        -3.9
  Federal                                      6.3        -0.6
  Territorial                                 -6.7        -4.0

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Price Indexes

                                              2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                      -3.0         4.0
Personal consumption expenditures              4.1         3.5

                                              2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                      -2.4         2.5
Personal consumption expenditures              3.0         1.8

                                              2007    2002-2007
                                                       average

  Gross domestic product                      -3.4        -0.5
Personal consumption expenditures              2.6         3.0

Real GDP
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

                                              2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                       527         535
Personal consumption expenditures              334         342
Private fixed investment                        14          14
Change in private inventories                    4          29
Net exports of goods and services              -94        -120
  Exports                                      592         579
    Goods                                      561         548
    Services                                    31          31
  Imports                                      686         699
    Goods                                      645         654
    Services                                    41          45
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          262         265
  Federal                                       12          21
  Territorial                                  249         244
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  60.8        62.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)      8,668       8,546

                                              2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                       539         550
Personal consumption expenditures              359         360
Private fixed investment                        19          22
Change in private inventories                   24         -17
Net exports of goods and services             -109         -53
  Exports                                      487         508
    Goods                                      456         480
    Services                                    31          28
  Imports                                      596         561
    Goods                                      553         524
    Services                                    42          37
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          246         239
  Federal                                       23          14
  Territorial                                  223         225
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  64.1        65.5
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)      8,409       8,397

                                              2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                       534         537
Personal consumption expenditures              360         353
Private fixed investment                        20          19
Change in private inventories                   -6         -22
Net exports of goods and services              -69         -27
  Exports                                      473         478
    Goods                                      447         455
    Services                                    26          23
  Imports                                      542         505
    Goods                                      506         471
    Services                                    36          34
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          229         215
  Federal                                       11          12
  Territorial                                  217         203
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  66.9        68.2
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)      7,982       7,874

(1.) Source: 2008 American Samoa Statistical Yearbook

GDP
[Millions of dollars]

                                              2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                       536         527
Personal consumption expenditures              301         321
Private fixed investment                        12          13
Change in private inventories                    3          23
Net exports of goods and services              -18         -76
  Exports                                      528         523
    Goods                                      503         496
    Services                                    25          27
  Imports                                      547         599
    Goods                                      512         559
    Services                                    34          40
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          238         247
  Federal                                       11          20
  Territorial                                  227         227

                                              2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                       553         550
Personal consumption expenditures              349         360
Private fixed investment                        18          22
Change in private inventories                   22         -17
Net exports of goods and services              -76         -53
  Exports                                      471         508
    Goods                                      441         480
    Services                                    29          28
  Imports                                      546         561
    Goods                                      506         524
    Services                                    40          37
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          240         239
  Federal                                       22          14
  Territorial                                  218         225

                                              2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                       548         532
Personal consumption expenditures              367         369
Private fixed investment                        20          20
Change in private inventories                   -7         -29
Net exports of goods and services              -71         -56
  Exports                                      503         511
    Goods                                      477         487
    Services                                    26          23
  Imports                                      573         567
    Goods                                      536         532
    Services                                    37          35
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          239         229
  Federal                                       12          12
  Territorial                                  227         217

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Contributions to Percent Change in Real GDP
[Percentage points]

                                              2003        2004

  Gross domestic product (1)                  1.5         0.7
Personal consumption expenditures             1.46        2.98
Private fixed investment                      0.08        0.86
Change in private inventories                 3.70       -0.80
Net exports of goods and services            -4.22        0.95
  Exports                                    -2.21      -16.13
    Goods                                    -2.26      -16.06
    Services                                  0.05       -0.07
  Imports                                    -2.01       17.08
    Goods                                    -1.43       16.63
    Services                                 -0.58        0.45
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment         0.51       -3.28
  Federal                                     1.45        0.40
  Territorial                                -0.94       -3.68

                                              2005        2006

  Gross domestic product (1)                  2.1        -2.9
Personal consumption expenditures             0.09        0.12
Private fixed investment                      0.42       -0.33
Change in private inventories                -7.14        2.20
Net exports of goods and services             9.98       -2.98
  Exports                                     3.85       -6.49
    Goods                                     4.42       -6.13
    Services                                 -0.57       -0,37
  Imports                                     6.13        3.51
    Goods                                     5.11        3.41
    Services                                  1.02        0.10
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -1.30       -1.89
  Federal                                    -1.68       -0.43
  Territorial                                 0.38       -1.46

                                                      2002-2007
                                              2007     average

  Gross domestic product (1)                  0.5         0.4
Personal consumption expenditures            -1.39        0.65
Private fixed investment                     -0.09        0.19
Change in private inventories                -3.84       -1.18
Net exports of goods and services             8.58        2.46
  Exports                                     1.00       -4.00
    Goods                                     1.56       -3.69
    Services                                 -0.56       -0.30
  Imports                                     7.59        6.46
    Goods                                     7.19        6.18
    Services                                  0.39        0.28
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -2.72       -1.74
  Federal                                     0.14       -0.02
  Territorial                                -2.86       -1.71

(1.) These estimates are percent changes.

Table 2. Highlights of GDP Growth, CNMI
Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real GDP

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                     2.2        -1.4
Personal consumption expenditures            5.9        -2.5
Private fixed investment                    -6.1        80.5
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                   -3.2        10.0
    Goods                                   -3.3         5.2
    Services                                -2.5        27.8
  Imports                                   -4.6        13.8
    Goods                                   -5.1        13.2
    Services                                 4.1        24.7
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       -0.3        -7.2
  Federal                                   24.8       -18.4
  Territorial                               -1.2        -6.7

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                    -11.0        -6.3
Personal consumption expenditures            -7.0         7.8
Private fixed investment                     -7.7       -17.7
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                   -18.6       -20.7
    Goods                                   -19.3       -23.6
    Services                                -16.3       -12.6
  Imports                                   -15.9       -11.4
    Goods                                   -15,8       -11.6
    Services                                -18.2        -7.0
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -5.0         2.2
  Federal                                    -9.5        -0.7
  Territorial                                -4.8         2.3

                                                      2002-2007
                                            2007       average

  Gross domestic product                     -3.8        -4.2
Personal consumption expenditures            -0.3         0.6
Private fixed investment                    -33.2        -2.9
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                   -26.5       -12.8
    Goods                                   -32.2       -15.7
    Services                                -12.2        -4.4
  Imports                                   -27.9       -10.2
    Goods                                   -27.7       -10.4
    Services                                -32.4        -7.8
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -7.3        -3.6
  Federal                                    -9.3        -3.6
  Territorial                                -7.2        -3.6

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Price Indexes

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                    -6.1        -1.6
Personal consumption expenditures           -3.0         1.8

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                    -1.9         0.1
Personal consumption expenditures            0.1         1.6

                                                      2002-2007
                                            2007       average

  Gross domestic product                    -0.7        -2.0
Personal consumption expenditures            1.5         0.4

Real GDP
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

                                              2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                     1,197       1,223
Personal consumption expenditures              532         563
Private fixed investment                        25          23
Net exports of goods and services              259         263
  Exports                                    1,072       1,038
    Goods                                      846         818
    Services                                   226         220
  Imports                                      813         775
    Goods                                      775         736
    Services                                    38          40
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          382         380
  Federal                                       12          15
  Territorial                                  369         365
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  74.4        76.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)     16,095      15,963

                                              2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                     1,206       1,073
Personal consumption expenditures              549         511
Private fixed investment                        42          39
Net exports of goods and services              260         188
  Exports                                    1,142         930
    Goods                                      861         694
    Services                                   281         235
  Imports                                      882         742
    Goods                                      833         701
    Services                                    49          40
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          353         335
  Federal                                       12          11
  Territorial                                  340         324
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  78.9        70.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)     15,287      15,191

                                              2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                     1,006         967
Personal consumption expenditures              551         549
Private fixed investment                        32          21
Net exports of goods and services               79          68
  Exports                                      737         542
    Goods                                      531         360
    Services                                   206         180
  Imports                                      657         474
    Goods                                      620         448
    Services                                    38          25
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          343         318
  Federal                                       11          10
  Territorial                                  331         307
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)                  60.7        58.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)     16,584      16,494

(1.) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base

GDP
[Millions of dollars]

                                              2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                     1,320       1,267
Personal consumption expenditures              538         553
Private fixed investment                        23          22
Net exports of goods and services              388         344
  Exports                                    1,104       1,056
    Goods                                      875         836
    Services                                   229         220
  Imports                                      717         712
    Goods                                      679         673
    Services                                    38          39
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          371         347
  Federal                                       11          15
  Territorial                                  359         332

                                              2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                     1,229       1,073
Personal consumption expenditures              549         511
Private fixed investment                        41          39
Net exports of goods and services              292         188
  Exports                                    1,156         930
    Goods                                      870         694
    Services                                   287         235
  Imports                                      864         742
    Goods                                      815         701
    Services                                    49          40
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment          347         335
  Federal                                       12          11
  Territorial                                  335         324

                                              2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                     1,007         962
Personal consumption expenditures              560         566
Private fixed investment                        33          22
Net exports of goods and services               53          20
  Exports                                      752         548
    Goods                                      537         364
    Services                                   215         184
  Imports                                      699         529
    Goods                                      663         501
    Services                                    37          28
Government consumption                                     354
    expenditures and gross investment          362
  Federal                                       11          10
  Territorial                                  351         344

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Contributions to Percent Change in Real GDP
[Percentage points]

                                              2003        2004

  Gross domestic product (1)                  2.2        -1.4
Personal consumption expenditures             2.46       -1.10
Private fixed investment                     -0.11        1.43
Net exports of goods and services            -0.07        0.32
  Exports                                    -2.72        8.37
    Goods                                    -2.27        3.47
    Services                                 -0.45        4.90
  Imports                                     2.65       -8.05
    Goods                                     2.77       -7.29
    Services                                 -0.12       -0.76
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -0.10       -2.07
  Federal                                     0.23       -0.22
  Territorial                                -0.33       -1.85

                                              2005        2006

  Gross domestic product (1)                -11.0        -6.3
Personal consumption expenditures            -3.16        3.74
Private fixed investment                     -0.26       -0.64
Net exports of goods and services            -6.17      -10.05
  Exports                                   -17.54      -18.14
    Goods                                   -13.75      -15.32
    Services                                 -3.80       -2.82
  Imports                                    11.37        8.09
    Goods                                    10.64        7.83
    Services                                  0.73        0.26
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -1.43        0.69
  Federal                                    -0.10       -0.01
  Territorial                                -1.33        0.70

                                                      2002-2007
                                              2007     average

  Gross domestic product (1)                  -3.8        -4.2
Personal consumption expenditures            -0.17        0.35
Private fixed investment                     -1.09       -0.13
Net exports of goods and services             0.15       -3.16
  Exports                                   -19.82       -9.97
    Goods                                   -17.24       -9.02
    Services                                 -2.58       -0.95
  Imports                                    19.97        6.81
    Goods                                    18.70        6.53
    Services                                  1.27        0.28
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        -2.71       -1.12
  Federal                                    -0.11       -0.04
  Territorial                                -2.60       -1.08

(1.) These estimates are percent changes.

Table 3. Highlights of GDP Growth, Guam
Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real GDP

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                    -0.2         8.1
Personal consumption expenditures           -8.4         7.0
Private fixed investment                    32.9        -8.5
Net exports of goods and services
  Exports                                  -14.6        27.4
    Goods                                  -16.9        15.5
    Services                               -14.4        28.5
  Imports                                  -13.9         4.4
    Goods                                  -14.3         4.0
    Services                                 5.8        21.6
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        6.7         2.0
  Federal                                   10.0         1.4
  Territorial                                2.0         2.9

                                             2005       2006

  Gross domestic product                     4.2        -3.4
Personal consumption expenditures            5.5        -1.3
Private fixed investment                    -9.5         7.0
Net exports of goods and services
  Exports                                    4.8        -9.4
    Goods                                   -7.3        -2.0
    Services                                 5.8        -9.9
  Imports                                    3.2         2.0
    Goods                                    3.2         2.0
    Services                                 3.6        -1.0
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        2.5        -0.6
  Federal                                    1.0        -5.0
  Territorial                                4.6         5.7

                                            2007    2002-2007
                                                     average

  Gross domestic product                     0.7         1.8
Personal consumption expenditures            1.8         0.8
Private fixed investment                    24.9         8.0
Net exports of goods and services
  Exports                                   -2.1         0.2
    Goods                                   63.6         7.4
    Services                                -6.8        -0.5
  Imports                                    9.9         0.8
    Goods                                    9.3         0.5
    Services                                32.2        11.8
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        5.1         3.1
  Federal                                    5.6         2.5
  Territorial                                4.4         3.9

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Price Indexes

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                    -0.5         0.5
Personal consumption expenditures            1.2         1.0

                                            2005       2006

  Gross domestic product                     2.4         5.5
Personal consumption expenditures            3.7         4.1

                                                    2002-2007
                                            2007     average

  Gross domestic product                     1.7         1.9
Personal consumption expenditures            2.8         2.6

Real GDP
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

                                            2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                   3,651       3,643
Personal consumption expenditures          2,503       2,293
Private fixed investment                     111         148
Net exports of goods and services           -657        -571
  Exports                                    736         628
    Goods                                     58          48
    Services                                 677         580
  Imports                                  1,393       1,199
    Goods                                  1,372       1,176
    Services                                  22          24
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,653       1,763
  Federal                                    958       1,055
  Territorial                                694         708
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               161.1       163.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   22,669      22,269

                                            2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                   3,936       4,100
Personal consumption expenditures          2,455       2,589
Private fixed investment                     135         122
Net exports of goods and services           -451        -453
  Exports                                    801         839
    Goods                                     56          52
    Services                                 745         788
  Imports                                  1,252       1,292
    Goods                                  1,223       1,263
    Services                                  29          30
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,797       1,842
  Federal                                  1,069       1,080
  Territorial                                728         762
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               166.1       168.6
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   23,698      24,323

                                            2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                   3,959       3,988
Personal consumption expenditures          2,554       2,601
Private fixed investment                     131         164
Net exports of goods and services           -557        -703
  Exports                                    761         744
    Goods                                     51          83
    Services                                 710         662
  Imports                                  1,318       1,448
    Goods                                  1,288       1,408
    Services                                  30          39
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,830       1,923
  Federal                                  1,026       1,084
  Territorial                                805         841
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               171.0       173.5
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   23,149      22,991

(1.) Source: 2008 Guam Statistical Yearbook

GDP
[Millions of dollars]

                                            2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                   3,568       3,542
Personal consumption expenditures          2,359       2,189
Private fixed investment                      95         130
Net exports of goods and services           -368        -444
  Exports                                    611         544
    Goods                                     50          43
    Services                                 561         501
  Imports                                    979         988
    Goods                                    958         966
    Services                                  21          22
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,482       1,668
  Federal                                    861         993
  Territorial                                620         675

                                            2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                   3,846       4,100
Personal consumption expenditures          2,366       2,589
Private fixed investment                     126         122
Net exports of goods and services           -363        -453
  Exports                                    741         839
    Goods                                     53          52
    Services                                 688         788
  Imports                                  1,103       1,292
    Goods                                  1,076       1,263
    Services                                  28          30
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,717       1,842
  Federal                                  1,031       1,080
  Territorial                                686         762

                                            2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                   4,176       4,280
Personal consumption expenditures          2,660       2,783
Private fixed investment                     140         180
Net exports of goods and services           -507        -690
  Exports                                    812         814
    Goods                                     53          91
    Services                                 759         723
  Imports                                  1,318       1,504
    Goods                                  1,288       1,463
    Services                                  31          41
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      1,883       2,006
  Federal                                  1,077       1,142
  Territorial                                806         864

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Contributions to Percent Change in Real GDP
[Percentage points]

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product (1)               -0.2         8.1
Personal consumption expenditures          -5.60        4.36
Private fixed investment                    0.89       -0.32
Net exports of goods and services           1.64        3.08
  Exports                                  -2.57        4.35
    Goods                                  -0.24        0.19
    Services                               -2.33        4.15
  Imports                                   4.21       -1.27
    Goods                                   4.24       -1.13
    Services                               -0.03       -0.14
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       2.85        0.93
  Federal                                   2.50        0.39
  Territorial                               0.36        0.54

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product (1)                4.2        -3.4
Personal consumption expenditures           3.38       -0.83
Private fixed investment                   -0.32        0.21
Net exports of goods and services          -0.02       -2.54
  Exports                                   0.96       -1.94
    Goods                                  -0.10       -0.03
    Services                                1.06       -1.91
  Imports                                  -0.98       -0.60
    Goods                                  -0.96       -0.61
    Services                               -0.03        0.01
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       1.11       -0.27
  Federal                                   0.27       -1.30
  Territorial                               0.84        1.03

                                                    2002-2007
                                            2007     average

  Gross domestic product (1)                0.7         1.8
Personal consumption expenditures           1.18        0.50
Private fixed investment                    0.84        0.26
Net exports of goods and services          -3.56       -0.28
  Exports                                  -0.41        0.08
    Goods                                   0.82        0.13
    Services                               -1.23       -0.05
  Imports                                  -3.15       -0.36
    Goods                                  -2.91       -0.27
    Services                               -0.24       -0.09
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       2.28        1.38
  Federal                                   1.43        0.66
  Territorial                               0.85        0.72

(1.) These estimates are percent changes.

Table 4. Highlights of GDP Growth, U.S. Virgin Islands

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Real GDP

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                    -1.2         3.5
Personal consumption expenditures            1.0         1.9
Private fixed investment                   -30.4         9.5
Change in private inventories                ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                   15.9         7.3
    Goods                                   19.3         7.1
    Services                                 3.6         8.0
  Imports                                   17.5         7.5
    Goods                                   17.6         7.4
    Services                                13.0         8.9
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      -11.9         2.8
  Federal                                    3.3         5,6
  Territorial                              -13.6         2.4

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                     3.7         4.0
Personal consumption expenditures            6.8         9.4
Private fixed investment                    17.8         5.4
Change in private inventories                ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                    1.2        -5.1
    Goods                                    0.7        -5.4
    Services                                 4.1        -3.1
  Imports                                    1.4        -5.6
    Goods                                    1.5        -5.6
    Services                                -1.8        -8.2
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        1.3         8.5
  Federal                                   -7.8        -5.8
  Territorial                                2.7        10.4

                                                    2002-2007
                                            2007     average

  Gross domestic product                     4.4         2.9
Personal consumption expenditures           -1.5         3.4
Private fixed investment                   -20.6        -5.6
Change in private inventories                ...         ...
Net exports of goods and services            ...         ...
  Exports                                   -0.3         3.5
    Goods                                    0.2         4.1
    Services                                -5.1         1.4
  Imports                                   -5.8         2.6
    Goods                                   -6.0         2.6
    Services                                 8.7         3.8
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        9.9         1.8
  Federal                                    4.1        -0.3
  Territorial                               10.6         2.1

Percent Change From Preceding Year in Price Indexes

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product                     6.6         7.2
Personal consumption expenditures            4.0         4.7

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product                    13.4        -2.6
Personal consumption expenditures            5.5         2.9

                                                    2002-2007
                                            2007     average

  Gross domestic product                     2.1         5.2
Personal consumption expenditures            5.7         4.5

Real GDP
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

                                            2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                   3,996       3,949
Personal consumption expenditures          1,287       1,299
Private fixed investment.                    496         345
Change in private inventories               -184          51
Net exports of goods and services          1,410       1,503
  Exports                                  9,600      11,124
    Goods                                  8,253       9,849
    Services                               1,241       1,286
  Imports                                  8,189       9,621
    Goods                                  7,985       9,395
    Services                                 200         226
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        870         766
  Federal                                     93          96
  Territorial                                775         670
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               110.0       110.7
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   36,319      35,660

                                            2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                   4,088       4,240
Personal consumption expenditures          1,324       1,414
Private fixed investment.                    378         445
Change in private inventories                 27          -5
Net exports of goods and services          1,594       1,588
  Exports                                 11,933      12,073
    Goods                                 10,550      10,626
    Services                               1,389       1,446
  Imports                                 10,339      10,485
    Goods                                 10,092      10,243
    Services                                 246         241
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        787         798
  Federal                                    102          94
  Territorial                                686         704
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               111.5       111.5
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   36,677      38,037

                                            2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                   4,411       4,604
Personal consumption expenditures          1,547       1,524
Private fixed investment.                    469         373
Change in private inventories                -45        -386
Net exports of goods and services          1,557       2,088
  Exports                                 11,454      11,415
    Goods                                 10,054      10,077
    Services                               1,402       1,330
  Imports                                  9,896       9,327
    Goods                                  9,675       9,092
    Services                                 221         240
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        866         952
  Federal                                     88          92
  Territorial                                777         859
Addenda:
  Population (thousands) (1)               113.7       114.7
  Per capita real GDP (chained dollars)   38,799      40,124

(1.) Source: 2008 U.S. Virgin Islands Annual Economic Indicators

GDP
[Millions of dollars]

                                            2002        2003

  Gross domestic product                   3,085       3,248
Personal consumption expenditures          1,121       1,176
Private fixed investment                     435         311
Change in private inventories                -93          27
Net exports of goods and services            803         978
  Exports                                  5,106       6,831
    Goods                                  3,911       5,575
    Services                               1,195       1,257
  Imports                                  4,304       5,853
    Goods                                  4,140       5,651
    Services                                 164         202
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        819         756
  Federal                                     80          84
  Territorial                                739         671

                                            2004        2005

  Gross domestic product                   3,605       4,240
Personal consumption expenditures          1,255       1,414
Private fixed investment                     357         445
Change in private inventories                 13          -5
Net exports of goods and services          1,213       1,588
  Exports                                  8,993      12,073
    Goods                                  7,637      10,626
    Services                               1,356       1,446
  Imports                                  7,781      10,485
    Goods                                  7,547      10,243
    Services                                 234         241
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        768         798
  Federal                                     98          94
  Territorial                                670         704

                                            2006        2007

  Gross domestic product                   4,298       4,580
Personal consumption expenditures          1,592       1,657
Private fixed investment                     498         409
Change in private inventories                -55        -533
Net exports of goods and services          1,330       2,000
  Exports                                 13,170      14,496
    Goods                                 11,708      13,062
    Services                               1,462       1,434
  Imports                                 11,840      12,496
    Goods                                 11,615      12,251
    Services                                 225         244
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment        933       1,047
  Federal                                     90         100
  Territorial                                843         947

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Contributions to Percent Change in Real GDP
[Percentage points]

                                            2003        2004

  Gross domestic product (1)                -1.2         3.5
Personal consumption expenditures           0.35        0.70
Private fixed investment                   -4.24        0.90
Change in private inventories               3.93       -0.67
Net exports of goods and services           1.93        1.97
  Exports                                  27.45       16.52
    Goods                                  26.09       13.49
    Services                                1.36        3.03
  Imports                                 -25.52      -14.54
    Goods                                 -24.82      -13.99
    Services                               -0.70       -0.55
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment      -3.15        0.62
  Federal                                   0.08        0.15
  Territorial                              -3.24        0.48

                                            2005        2006

  Gross domestic product (1)                 3.7         4.0
Personal consumption expenditures           2.31        3.24
Private fixed investment                    1.72        0.60
Change in private inventories              -0.63       -1.06
Net exports of goods and services           0.04       -0.43
  Exports                                   3.17      -15.96
    Goods                                   1.69      -14.87
    Services                                1.49       -1.09
  Imports                                  -3.13       15.52
    Goods                                  -3.25       15.04
    Services                                0.12        0.48
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       0.28        1.69
  Federal                                  -0.20       -0.13
  Territorial                               0.48        1.83

                                                    2002-2007
                                            2007     average

  Gross domestic product (1)                 4.4         2.9
Personal consumption expenditures          -0.57        1.21
Private fixed investment                   -2.40       -0.68
Change in private inventories             -10.29       -1.74
Net exports of goods and services          15.50        3.80
  Exports                                  -1.08        6.02
    Goods                                   0.66        5.41
    Services                               -1.74        0.61
  Imports                                  16.58       -2.22
    Goods                                  17.03       -2.00
    Services                               -0.45       -0.22
Government consumption
    expenditures and gross investment       2.16        0.32
  Federal                                   0.09        0.00
  Territorial                               2.07        0.32

(1.) These estimates are percent changes.