文章基本信息

标题：Macro-Anatomical Investigations of the Cervicothoracic Sympathetic System in the Horse (Equus Ferrus Caballus)
本地全文：下载
作者：Mohamed M. A. Abumandour ; Fatma El-Defrawy
期刊名称：Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences
印刷版ISSN：1110-2047
电子版ISSN：1110-2047
出版年度：2016
卷号：49
期号：1
页码：12-23
DOI：10.5455/ajvs.221493
出版社：International Medical Journal Management and Indexing System
摘要：Twelve healthy adult horses (Equus ferrus caballus) collected from Egypt were dissected to provide anatomical descriptions of bilaterally cervicothoracic sympathetic system macroscopically. On left side, cervicothoracic sympathetic system is represented only by the caudal cervical ganglion, which presents on lateral surface of esophagus, cranial to the level of first rib. On right side, cervicothoracic sympathetic system is represented by the caudal and middle cervical ganglion. Caudal cervical ganglion was consisted of the fusion of eighth cervical and first three thoracic nerve ganglia. Caudal directed continuation branch of left ansa subclavia gave off; a pericardial branch and then give branch for ligamentum arteriosum. There is a special sympatheticparasympathetic communicating branches; on left side, there is only one branch, was present on lateral surface of esophagus, while on right side, there were four branches; two from caudal cervical ganglion and two from middle cervical ganglion. The most suitable site of ganglion blocks from both sides; needle was placed medioventrally between the articulation of first and second rib.
关键词：horse; caudal cervical ganglion; sympathetic nerve; subclavian.