文章基本信息

标题：Empirical Investigation of Threats to Loyalty Programs by Using Models Inspired by the Gordon-Loeb Formulation of Security Investment
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作者：Shiori Shinoda ; Kanta Matsuura
期刊名称：Journal of Information Security
印刷版ISSN：2153-1234
电子版ISSN：2153-1242
出版年度：2016
卷号：07
期号：02
页码：29-48
DOI：10.4236/jis.2016.72003
语种：English
出版社：Scientific Research Publishing
摘要：Loyalty program (LP) is a popular marketing activity of enterprises. As a result of firms’ effort to increase customers’ loyalty, point exchange or redemption services are now available worldwide. These services attract not only customers but also attackers. In pioneering research, which first focused on this LP security problem, an empirical analysis based on Japanese data is shown to see the effects of LP-point liquidity on damages caused by security incidents. We revisit the empirical models in which the choice of variables is inspired by the Gordon-Loeb formulation of security investment: damage, investment, vulnerability, and threat. The liquidity of LP points corresponds to the threat in the formulation and plays an important role in the empirical study because it particularly captures the feature of LP networks. However, the actual proxy used in the former study is artificial. In this paper, we reconsider the liquidity definition based on a further observation of LP security incidents. By using newly defined proxies corresponding to the threat as well as other refined proxies, we test hypotheses to derive more implications that help LP operators to manage partnerships; the implications are consistent with recent changes in the LP network. Thus we can see the impacts of security investment models include a wider range of empirical studies.
关键词：Loyalty Program;Security Investment;Gordon-Loeb Model;Liquidity;Information Security Economics