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标题：Conotruncal heart malformations in Egypt: An epidemiological study
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作者：Doa’a A. Saleh ; Sameera Ezzat ; Hala Hamza 等
期刊名称：Open Journal of Epidemiology
印刷版ISSN：2165-7459
电子版ISSN：2165-7467
出版年度：2013
卷号：03
期号：04
页码：169-176
DOI：10.4236/ojepi.2013.34025
语种：English
出版社：Scientific Research Publishing
摘要：Conotruncal malformations of the heart are a major category of birth defects. No previous epidemiological studies on these malformations have been carried out in Egypt; therefore our study aimed to describe associations with maternal and infant factors in order to identify possible risk factors. Cases (N = 255) were children up to two years of age whose heart malformations were confirmed by echocardiography; they were enrolled at the Cardiology Department of the Pediatric Hospital of Cairo University. Controls (N = 155) were free of congenital heart malformations, matched to the cases by age, and recruited from outpatients of the same hospital. Mothers of cases (97%) and controls (89%) provided consent to participate in an interview about their medical, familial, and occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the magnitude and statistical significance of case-control differences. Cases were divided into two groups based on the presence of d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA): there were 139 with TGA and 116 with normally-related great arteries (NGA). Maternal diabetes prevalence was elevated in both the TGA (OR = 3.4) and NGA (OR = 5.5) subgroups. Several agricultural factors were associated with increased risk: raising animals (for TGA: OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.6), raising poultry (for NGA: OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), and using chemical rodenticides (for all conotruncal cases: OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-13.2). These results are consistent with previous studies of associations of maternal diabetes and pesticide exposure with conotruncal malformations. Further research is warranted to explore such associations and determine avenues for prevention.
关键词：Congenital Heart Disease; Cardiovascular Malformations; Conotruncal Malformations; Epidemiology; Environmental Factors; Diabetes