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标题：WLH 50: How Australia Informs the Worldwide Pattern of Pleistocene Human Evolution
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作者：Milford H. Wolpoff ; Sang-Hee Lee
期刊名称：PaleoAnthropology Journal
出版年度：2014
卷号：2014
页码：505-564
DOI：10.4207/PA.2014.ART88
出版社：Paleoanthropology Society
摘要：WLH 50 is the ~26,000 kyr (16.5–37.4 kyr) year-old calotte of a large (1540cc) young-to-middle-aged male foundin dune deposits near Lake Garnpung, one of the Willandra lakes in New South Wales, Australia. Its importancestems from the significant similarities it appears to have with the nearby and most probably earlier human samplefrom Ngandong, Indonesia. Two implications of these similarities are important―the implications for Australianancestry and the implications for the place of Ngandong in human evolution. We discuss the historic context for issuesof indigenous Australian ancestry and show how WLH 50 informs these issues. We provide both a systematicand comprehensive description of the WLH 50 fossil in a comparative context, and an interpretation of its place inhuman evolution. A comparative analysis of the WLH 50 cranium is important for understanding its morphologicalpattern and addressing its ancestry; in particular, whether there are multiple ancestors for WLH 50 and otherAustralians that include Late Pleistocene Indonesians from Ngandong. Besides these anatomical considerations,the issues of indigenous Australian ancestry also are framed by genetic analysis including both paleogenetics andobservations of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from modern populations, and we discuss their implications aswell. We conclude that WLH 50 is a normal specimen without evidence of pathology or deformation, and thatelements of its anatomy are found throughout the Australian fossil record, as it is known today. Our comparisonsreveal WLH 50 has substantial similarities to the Ngandong hominids (but not identity with them) and ademonstrable pattern of multiple ancestors that includes Ngandong, as part of the network of human evolutionin Australasia.