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标题：Frequency of Learned words of English as a Marker of Gender Identity in SMS Language in Pakistan
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作者：Ihsan Ali ; Tahseen Mahmood Aslam
期刊名称：Journal of Elementary Education
印刷版ISSN：1991-8100
电子版ISSN：2227-1090
出版年度：2012
卷号：22
期号：2
页码：45-55
出版社：University of the Punjab
摘要：This study investigates the effect learned words of English in SMS language (Short Messaging Service) of gender in Pakistani society where Roman Urdu is used as a language for mobile phone communication. Frequently learned words of English are being used. From this, the frequency the gender differences in SMS language has been marked. Quantitative method was used to collect data. About 1000 SMS were collected through random sampling of 25 male and 25 female university students of Lahore city. Later text was analyzed on its sentence structure. The frequency of learned words of English was found from dominant language to less dominant language. However, only that data have been used for investigation in which the field of the participants and their age factor was same. The quantity of male and female was made equal and findings were generalized male and female citizens of Pakistan. var currentpos,timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()",10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0,++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initialize Frequency of Learned words of English as a marker of Gender identity in SMS language in Pakistan 46 Introduction Short messaging service is very popular in Pakistan now-a-days. It is very quiet quick, cheap and easy way of communication. The basic purpose of this study was to determine the SMS, writing style of both male and female in Pakistani Language is a set of sounds and then medium of expression. It is the strong and best source of communication. A society is divided into monolingual, bilingual and multilingual on the basis of number the languages used by its people. For the last decade SMS has become a common habit among men and women of every society where cell phone is used. If they know two languages they switch from one language to another or mix both the language for their own convenience. This is actually called code switching and code mixing. In Pakistan mostly people are aware of three languages; Urdu as Their national language, any regional language as a mother language and English as a second language. It has been observed that the people use more than two languages but mostly use two languages to communicate on mobile phones where code mixing and code switching is rampant. The aim of this research was to investigate differences in the SMS language on the basis of the use of leaned words by the males and females in society. What type of words are used by males and females and the style of their writing SMS is the same or different. Significance of the study Previous studies in this regard have shown that there is linguistic difference in gender language used in SMS. Ling (2000) concludes in his study that although men were early adopters of mobile telephones yet it is among the women that the great motor of SMS lives. Settles (1985), Treichler and Kramarae (1983) and Rosenthal (1985) also conclude that females write longer messages and have a more complex structure than messages written by males. "There is a significant gender based difference in the number of words used in SMS Shaban Rafi (2010). The present study was conducted to further explore into the matter that combination of learned words in SMS or what are the factors which mark gender identity in SMS language of Pakistani bilingual speakers. Object of the study This study investigates the syntax of the SMS used by the bilingual English- Urdu mobile users living in Pakistan. The main objectives of this study are: