摘要：Figures Tables Authors Julien Caudeville 1 * Stéphane Rican 2 1 Institut national de l’environnement industriel et des risques (Ineris) Parc Technologique Alata – BP2 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte France 2 Université Paris-Ouest – Nanterre-La Défense LADYSS – UMR 7533 200, avenue de la République 92001 Nanterre cedex France * Tirés à part Key words: social environment, environmental exposure, inequality, Geographic Information Systems DOI : 10.1684/ers.2015.0828 Page(s) : 39-47 Published in: 2016 Consideration of environmental inequalities is relatively new in France, and little work has yet been done on the relations between the geographic distribution of environmental exposures and the socioeconomic situation of the surrounding populations. This approach requires that data be described at fine spatial resolutions, that is, for small areas, and that indicators appropriate to the scale of analysis be defined. This study examined mainland or metropolitan France (la France métropolitaine). A social deprivation index (FDep) was constructed at the resolution of a census block (sub-municipal French census block called IRIS, “Îlot Regroupé pour l’Information Statistique”) based on 4 socioeconomic variables collected in the 2008 INSEE census. The proximity of polluting industries and activities was determined from the BASIAS database (database of former industrial and service activity sites) and the IREP (French Pollutant Emission Register) after data treatment. Spatial analysis techniques were used to construct population subsets according to their proximity to potential exposure sites. The distribution of deprivation of populations living near sites, as measured by the index, was compared to that of other populations. A relation was observed between social deprivation and site proximity for most areas but it varied widely and did not appear systematically at the local level. The variation in socio-environmental disadvantage, as measured by the index, reflects the wide variety of regional industrial and social dynamics as well as the different ways of organizing urban space across France. Because proximity to a potentially contaminated site does not involve systematic population exposure, the tool we have developed and that we present here will be used in the next Environmental Health Regional Plans to study the spatial associations between social deprivation and exposure indicators according to a multimedia exposure model that takes in account the contamination of environmental compartments and population behavior.
关键词：social environment; environmental exposure; inequality; Geographic Information Systems
Loading...
