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标题：Loss of the nodule-specific cysteine rich peptide, NCR169, abolishes symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Medicago truncatula dnf7 mutant
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作者：Beatrix Horváth ; Ágota Domonkos ; Attila Kereszt 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2015
卷号：112
期号：49
页码：15232-15237
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1500777112
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：SignificanceIn certain legume-rhizobia symbioses, the host plant is thought to control the terminal differentiation of its bacterial partner leading to nitrogen fixation. In Medicago truncatula, over 600 genes coding for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides are expressed during nodule development and have been implicated in bacteroid differentiation. Up to now it was generally assumed that most of these peptides, if not all, act redundantly. By demonstrating that deletion of a single member of the NCR gene family can result in an ineffective symbiotic phenotype, we show that specific NCR peptides can have essential, non-redundant roles in controlling bacterial differentiation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Host compatible rhizobia induce the formation of legume root nodules, symbiotic organs within which intracellular bacteria are present in plant-derived membrane compartments termed symbiosomes. In Medicago truncatula nodules, the Sinorhizobium microsymbionts undergo an irreversible differentiation process leading to the development of elongated polyploid noncultivable nitrogen fixing bacteroids that convert atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia. This terminal differentiation is directed by the host plant and involves hundreds of nodule specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs). Except for certain in vitro activities of cationic peptides, the functional roles of individual NCR peptides in planta are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that the inability of M. truncatula dnf7 mutants to fix nitrogen is due to inactivation of a single NCR peptide, NCR169. In the absence of NCR169, bacterial differentiation was impaired and was associated with early senescence of the symbiotic cells. Introduction of the NCR169 gene into the dnf7-2/NCR169 deletion mutant restored symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Replacement of any of the cysteine residues in the NCR169 peptide with serine rendered it incapable of complementation, demonstrating an absolute requirement for all cysteines in planta. NCR169 was induced in the cell layers in which bacteroid elongation was most pronounced, and high expression persisted throughout the nitrogen-fixing nodule zone. Our results provide evidence for an essential role of NCR169 in the differentiation and persistence of nitrogen fixing bacteroids in M. truncatula.
关键词：Sinorhizobium ; ineffective nodules ; symbiotic host peptides ; senescence ; bacteroid differentiation