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标题：Dietary exposure to cadmium, lead and nickel among students from the south-east region of Poland
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作者：Zbigniew Marzec ; Wojciech Koch ; Agnieszka Marzec 等
期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2014
卷号：21
期号：4
页码：825-828
DOI：10.5604/12321966.1129941
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：The dietary intake of cadmium, lead and nickel was determined among students from three universities in the city of Lublinin south-east Poland to assess the levels of exposure to these contaminants, compared to PTWI and TDI values. The studywas performed in 2006–2010 and involved 850 daily food rations of students. The technique of 24-hour dietary recall anddiet duplicates was used. Cadmium, lead and nickel complexes with ammonium-pyrrolidindithiocarbamate were formedand extracted to the organic phase with 4-methylpentan-2-one – MIBK, in which their content was measured by flameatomic absorption spectrometry. The highest intake of the elements studied was observed in 2008. The data show that innone of the cases, the level of intake reached 70% of PTWI/TDI values, and thus the risk of developing diseases related tohigh exposure to these toxic metals absorbed from foodstuffs was low. The parameters of methods were checked duringdeterminations by adding standard solutions to the samples before mineralization and by using two reference materials:Total diet ARC/CL HDP and Bovine muscle RM NIST 8414.The dietary exposure to lead and cadmium has significantly decreased in recent years, whereas the exposures to nickelremains on a stable level
关键词：cadmium; lead; nickel; diets; students; health hazard