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标题：Occupational illnesses related to physical strains in apple harvesting
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作者：Paola Callea ; Giuseppe Zimbalatti ; Elisabeth Quendler 等
期刊名称：Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1232-1966
电子版ISSN：1898-2263
出版年度：2014
卷号：21
期号：2
页码：407-411
DOI：10.5604/1232-1966.1108614
出版社：Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin
摘要：Introduction. Special strains are an occupational hazard often due to physical loads and inadequately designed workequipment.Objective. The aim of this pilot study was to determine occupational illnesses related to physical strains through anexperimental design that assesses the associated working postures and oxygen uptake in apple harvesting.Three methodswere applied to define the physical stress provoked by apple farming tasks.Material and methods. The experiments considered 5 labourers – 3 women and 2 men. The physical fatigue was assessedthrough oxygen consumption and heartbeat frequency according to UNI EN ISO 8996 standards. Measurements wereconducted using a portable metabolimeter(COSMED). Working postures were determined according to Ovako WorkingPosture Analysis System(OWAS). An interview was conducted to record the labourers’ subjective estimate of the stress.Results. The interview results demonstrated neck and dorsal pains and fatigue causes for each operator. The V̇O2 wasequal to 82.33±27.40 lO2/h for women and 67.00±27.60 lO2/h for men, meaning that it was tiring for some men but for allwomen. The heart rates were of 115±6.00bpm for women and 113±5.65bpm for men. The V̇CO2 was of 63.81±21.45 lCO2/hfor women and 45.10±25.53 lCO2/h for men, while energetic equivalent and body surface area were similar for both genders,about 5.60W×h/l O2 and 1,80m2 on average. Women’s metabolic rate had a very high value – over 290W×m-2, although forthe men it was between 200–260W×m-2. According to OWAS, low apple picking was ranked in class 2, high apple pickingin class 1, and apple transportation belonged to class 3.Conclusion. Related to VO2 and VCO2 consumption and the identified negative body postures, it is necessary to improveworking conditions
关键词：physical stress; oxygen consumption; heart rate; metabolic rate; postures; occupational illness