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标题：Wälder der Alpinen Biogeograpischen Region – aus der Naturwaldreservatsforschung abgeleitete Erkenntnisse für ein staatenübergreifendes Natura 2000-Management
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作者：Helge Walentowski ; Alois Simon
期刊名称：Waldökologie-Online
印刷版ISSN：1614-7103
出版年度：2014
期号：14
页码：57-76
出版社：Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forstliche Standorts- und Vegetationskunde (AFSV)
摘要：We conducted an analysis of 45 reléves in the two forest nature reserves in the Bavarian Northern Limestone Alps designated for long-term research. The Totengraben reserve is located in the Fauna-Flora-Habitat (FFH)-area of the Mangfall Mts., and the Wettersteinwald reserve in the FFHarea of the Wetterstein Mts. The aim of the study was to develop a management-focused, cross-border forest typology grounded in geobotany, conservation, and site-specific ecological principles. We made use of the recently implemented Bavarian Forest Reserve Research programme to survey six permanent 314 m2 circular vegetation plots within the core areas of the reserves. The newly collected data were combined with existing data. The two reserves include the following forest types: upper montane, closed mixed coniferous forest; lowermost semiclosed subalpine spruce forest; and uppermost semi-open subalpine Swiss stone pine forest. The forests near the alpine timberline have been heavily disturbed by centuries of cattle grazing, allowing a massive expansion of secondary rhododendron-mountain pine shrubs. Our findings make possible the conceptualization of a distinction between areas dedicated to conservation and management in the surrounding FFH areas. The mixed coniferous and the subalpine coniferous forest types on sites with higher soil water storage capacity show lower ecological sensitivities for wood biomass utilization. Outside of the reserves, a sustainable forest management plan allowing for multiple forest functions is feasible, provided that some small stands of these types remain unused and may serve as crucial refugia and habitat stepping stones to harbour core populations of relict species. Mixed coniferous and subalpine coniferous forests on shallow, well-drained calcareous sites, in contrast, show high ecological sensitivities for wood biomass utilization and require an especially careful minimum intervention or even a non-intervention management. The geographical information system WINALP can be used to elucidate type-related priorities.
关键词：permanent plots; reference data; high-elevation ; forests; phytodiversity; close -to-natural forests; sustainable ; mountain forestry