文章基本信息

标题：Image Steganography via Fully Exploiting Modification Direction
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作者：Xuejing Niu ; Meng Ma ; Rui Tang 等
期刊名称：International Journal of Security and Its Applications
印刷版ISSN：1738-9976
出版年度：2015
卷号：9
期号：5
页码：243-254
DOI：10.14257/ijsia.2015.9.5.24
出版社：SERSC
摘要：Embedding bits by replacing pixel’s least-significant bit (LSB) is a simple but greatidea. Nevertheless, this method is not safe enough. Afterwards, a series of effective andsafe algorithms which are based on LSB substitution method were proposed such as EMD(exploiting modification direction) and EMD-2. EMD, modifying at most one of n pixels’LSB to embed a 2n 1 -ary notational system number, achieved higher embeddingefficiency than LSB method. EMD-2 modifys at most two of a group n pixels to embed a10n 13 -ary n  2 notational system number, making embedding capacity improvedcompared with EMD. To improve embedding capacity further, we proposed a new methodEMD-3 exploiting modification direction fully. EMD-3 modifys a group of n pixels by 1to embed a secret digit in 3n -ary notational system. The experimental results demonstratethat EMD-3 can improve embedding capacity and preserve good image quality at thesame time. Besides, EMD-3 is as secure as EMD and EMD-2.
关键词：Steganography; Modification Direction; Embedding Capacity; Image;Quality; Security