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标题：Hybrid simulations of proton precipitation patterns onto the upper atmosphere of Mars
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作者：Catherine Diéval ; Esa Kallio ; Gabriella Stenberg 等
期刊名称：Earth, Planets and Space
电子版ISSN：1880-5981
出版年度：2012
卷号：64
期号：2
页码：121-134
DOI：10.5047/eps.2011.08.015
出版社：Springer Verlag
摘要：We study the dependence of proton precipitation patterns onto the Martian upper atmosphere on altitude, proton energy, proton origin, and in a lesser extent, solar zenith angle, using the HYB-Mars model, a 3D quasineutral hybrid model.We find that the flux of precipitating protons has a strong altitude dependence: on the dayside, the flux of precipitating protons decreases substantially when the altitude over Mars decreases.We also find that the contribution of exospheric protons to the deposition is significant and its spatial distribution is not identical to that of the solar wind protons.In addition, the low energy proton population comes mainly from the newborn planetary protons.The energized pick-up protons and solar wind protons contribute to the higher energy proton population.The study also confirms that the proton precipitation is highly asymmetric with respect to the direction of the convection electric field in the solar wind.The study implies that the Martian induced magnetosphere protects the upper atmosphere effectively against proton precipitation.
关键词：Solar wind ;Mars ;proton precipitation ;Martian atmosphere ;magnetospheres