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标题：Tests of Cumulative Prospect Theory with graphical displays of probability
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作者：Birnbaum, Michael H. ; Johnson, Kathleen ; Longbottom, Jay-Lee 等
期刊名称：Judgment and Decision Making
印刷版ISSN：1930-2975
出版年度：2008
卷号：3
期号：7
页码：528-546
出版社：Society for Judgment and Decision Making
摘要：Recent research reported evidence that contradicts cumulative prospect theory and the priority heuristic. The same body of research also violates two editing principles of original prospect theory: cancellation (the principle that people delete any attribute that is the same in both alternatives before deciding between them) and combination (the principle that people combine branches leading to the same consequence by adding their probabilities). This study was designed to replicate previous results and to test whether the violations of cumulative prospect theory might be eliminated or reduced by using formats for presentation of risky gambles in which cancellation and combination could be facilitated visually. Contrary to the idea that decision behavior contradicting cumulative prospect theory and the priority heuristic would be altered by use of these formats, however, data with two new graphical formats as well as fresh replication data continued to show the patterns of evidence that violate cumulative prospect theory, the priority heuristic, and the editing principles of combination and cancellation. Systematic violations of restricted branch independence also contradicted predictions of ``stripped'' prospect theory (subjectively weighted additive utility without the editing rules).
关键词：Cumulative Prospect Theory; TAX model; priority heuristic; graphical format; branch independence; cancellation; combination; choice; uncertainty.