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  • 标题:IQの修正公式
  • 作者:田中 正吾
  • 期刊名称:教育心理学研究
  • 印刷版ISSN:0021-5015
  • 电子版ISSN:2186-3075
  • 出版年度:1954
  • 卷号:2
  • 期号:2
  • 页码:23-25,55
  • 出版社:The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology
  • 摘要:

    (1) If the constancy of IQ is understood physiologically, it must mean the constancy of a particular developmental ratio of the individual against the average development of the standardizing group. Namely, we are to read the IQ formula as, _??_...(1) (2) In case of IQ of young children, the ordinary formula of IQ has a disadvantage, when considered as such. For example, a developmental ratio of a child, whose C. A. is 2, and whose M. A. is 3, accordingly whose IQ is 160, is not 1.5, because we should move the original point of the formula from a birth to a conception, if we do so, we get the developmental ratio of 1.35 (12×3+10 divided by 12×2+10) instead of 1.5. For maturely born children, the corrected formula of IQ in general, is,_??_...(2) (3) The effect of correction is large for very young children, but negligible for children of more than 10 years old. Tab. 1 and Fig. 1 show errorneous IQs calculated by the ordinary formula in terms of developmental ratio 1.5-0.5 and C. A. 1-10 the value of k developmental ratio and n C. A. is _??_, and the error is _??_ (4) For prematurely born children, the corrected formula is,_??_...(3) (t being the period of pregnancy of the child) For example, IQ of a child whose C. A. is 3, and whose M. A. is 2 years and 10 months, is 100,(12×2+10+10)/(12×3+8), if he is born at 8 th month, instead of 94 which is given by the ordinary formula. A few reports on the intelligence of prematurely born children that they had inferior IQ's were reexamined and the data were re-calculated by the correction formula (3). we found that, in general, they were not inferior, but quite normal. They say that prematurely born children are inferior, when they are very young. But we do not necessary hear this, when they enter into teenages. It seems to us they are evaluated by Undue C. A. when young, but their true developmental ratio appear soon or later. (5) This formula, too, has a disadvantage, because two different developmental phases of prenatal and postnatal periods are treated as the same.(This is apparent in the sign of plus.) While the development of prenatal period is chiefly physiological, and potential, we should say, in a psychological aspect, the postnatal one is convergent of physiological growth and environ environmental stimuli. A child whose developmental ratio is higher than 1.25, and who is born at 8th month, may be unduly advantageous, because he has greater percentage of periods when he is stimulated by outside experiences, being acceptable of them even at the time of premature birth. Here is a passibility of re-correction. Though we can say, at any rate, that t+ a ( a >0) instead of t in the denominater May be better, that this a might be expressed a =(10-t)×c (1>c>0) and that c should be determined experimentally, it is very difficult for us, because our present scales of physiological and psychological measurements are too rough and poor for these purposes.

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