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  • 标题:認知的基準に基づくオペレータスキーマの学習
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:諏訪 正樹 ; 元田 浩
  • 期刊名称:認知科学
  • 印刷版ISSN:1341-7924
  • 电子版ISSN:1881-5995
  • 出版年度:1995
  • 卷号:2
  • 期号:4
  • 页码:4_39-4_55
  • DOI:10.11225/jcss.2.4_39
  • 出版社:Japanese Cognitive Science Society
  • 摘要:

    Although expert-novice differences in various domains have so far been attributed to domain-specific schemata or perceptual-chunks, few past research has addressed the issue of schema acquisition itself. We address this issue in the domain of geometry proof problem-solving. Past literatures on geometry pointed out the significance of the diagrammatic features of problems as the basis of problem-solving memories and as a cue for abstract planning in constructing a proof. Based on this insight, we propose a new perceptual-chunking technique in which the learner chunks such “diagram elements visually grouped together” into a schema, using recognition propagation rules as chunking criteria. The rules represent how human solvers see the diagram elements and geometrical features. We implemented this chunking mechanism on a computer program, PCLEARN, and did some computational experiments to see how the learned chunks contribute to problem-solving improvement. Further, we designed a psychological experiment to examine how human subjects tend to parse the whole diagrams into parts after solving a set of geometry proof problems. Its result shows that the PCLEARN chunking technique can learn what human learner would learn much better than the conventional learners.

  • 关键词:問題解決; チャンキング; パーセプチャル・チャンク; 図による推論; パーセプチャル・キュー
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