Recently activities in nature-rich residential areas, including an agricultural experience in a rental garden and allotment gardens, and shopping at a fresh fruit and vegetable farmer's market are popular among urban residents in Japan. This indicates a rising demand of urban residents for a sustainable way of living in touch with nature. Thus, schemes that encourage sustainable behavior are necessary in urban and regional environmental planning. It is also important to not increase the net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions through sustainable behavior to establish a low carbon society. In this paper, a questionnaire survey of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) and general consumers in Osaka Prefecture was conducted to identify sustainable lifestyles related to food production and consumption. We also evaluated the effect of a sustainable lifestyle on CO₂ emissions based on the results of the survey. From the analysis, we reached the following conclusions: 1) LOHAS consumers have a tendency to participate in local food production activities such as allotment gardens and home vegetable gardens. 2) In addition, LOHAS consumers tend to make their purchasing decisions based on their values regarding health and environmental consciousness. 3) The total CO₂ emissions related to daily life activities of a LOHAS consumer is 15% lower than that of a regular consumer. 4) In contrast, LOHAS consumers usually take roundtrips to local farm shops so the CO₂ emissions related to transportation is higher than for regular consumers. JEL Classification: Q51, Q57, R11