The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of physical ability tests corresponding to the hierarchical training phases of a power development program for soccer players using structural equation modeling (SEM). 103 male college soccer players who were practicing the power development program as a specialty were included. Using qualitative characteristic attribution analysis, 11 performance tests were reselected. Basic statistics were calculated to confirm the normality of the variables. SEM was applied to verify a confirmatory factor structure model to examine the factorial validity, and a simplex structure model was used to examine the validity of the tests in terms of physical ability. The physical ability tests corresponding to the training phases of the power development program were shown to have factorial validity. The 4 sub-domains of physical ability were, in order, functional strength, counter-movement power, rebound power, and sprint speed. The tests had factorial validity and the factors showed hierarchy.