The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between school adjustment of high school students and parental role behavior measured by Parental Role Assessment Scale (PRAS). PRAS consists of six subscales; Control (Factor 1), Acceptance (Factor 2), Separation-Anixiety (Factor 3), Facilitation of Independence (Factor 4), Assistance of Adaptation (Factor 5), and Confidence of Nurture (Factor 6). Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, it was found that (1) Acceptance had an influence on school adjustment (SA) of students,(2) Assistance of Adaptation (especially of father-sons or of mother-daughters) had an influence on SA,(3) Parental Role Behavior had greater effects to SA of male students than to that of female students when they were in the 11th-12th grade in November,(4) Facilitation of Independence had different effects to SA by parents' gender. In addition, two hypotheses were found by path analysis: (1) Facilitation of Independence decreased SA without Acceptance, and (2) Separation-Anxiety decreased SA without Acceptance and Assistance of Adaptation.