The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attribution on donating behavior being one of the measures of the altruistic behavior. As the first research, a scale designed to measure attribution trait was developed and administered to 178 elementary school children in the sixth grade. By HAYASHI III analysis, two basic axes were found (see FIG. I). Therefore this result suggested that this scale had quite a simple structure and difference of attribution traits between negative and positive situations. The reliability and validity of this scale were high enough to measure attribution traits of children. As the pretest, the effect of attribution trait in total situations (which involve positive and negative situations) and outcome attribution on donating behavior were examined. Neither the main effect nor interaction effect of the two attribution variables were found by ANOVA. But the effect of attribution trait in its negative situations on donating behavior was suggested by reanalyzing the data informally. Then, the effect of attributional trait in negative situations and outcome attribution was examined. The main effect of attribution trait in negative situations on donating behavior was found (see FIG. 3). Therefore the findings in this study suggested that attribution trait in negative situations was qualitatively different from positive situations and that only the former influenced donating behavior