文章基本信息

标题：Market mechanisms for financing the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries (REDD) – learning from payments for ecosystem services schemes
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作者：Lasse Loft
期刊名称：Ecosystems and People
印刷版ISSN：2639-5908
电子版ISSN：2639-5916
出版年度：2011
卷号：7
期号：3
页码：204-216
DOI：10.1080/21513732.2011.645072
语种：English
出版社：Taylor & Francis Group
摘要：At its 16th session in Cancun, the Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change decided on a framework for implementing the reduction of deforestation and degradation (REDD). This global compensation mechanism for the ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and sequestration by forests in the developing countries, however, left critical details untouched regarding future REDD negotiations. Among others, the question of how to design a proper financing mechanism for the final phase of REDD implementation remains. This article reviews theoretical approaches on payments for ecosystem service schemes and provides recommendations for future negotiations on funding REDD mechanisms. Of special interest is the classification of forest ecosystem services according to physical and economic characteristics, rivalry and excludability, scale and directional flow. These characteristics help to determine which kind of funding mechanism should be set up at the global scale. Carbon storage and carbon sequestration are classified as common-pool services, which are most efficiently provided through a market mechanism. However, market mechanisms for small sets of forest ecosystem services can lead to trade-offs, having negative effects on the provision of particularly biodiversity-dependent services. Potential trade-offs are identified and a strongly regulated market mechanism bundling global scale ecosystem services is recommended.
关键词：policy tools;forest ecosystem service classification;public goods;open access;carbon sequestration and storage;trade-offs