文章基本信息

标题：Exposure Contrasts of Pregnant Women during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial
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作者：Michael Johnson ; Ajay Pillarisetti ; Ricardo Piedrahita 等
期刊名称：Environmental Health Perspectives
印刷版ISSN：0091-6765
电子版ISSN：1552-9924
出版年度：2022
卷号：130
期号：9
DOI：10.1289/EHP10295
语种：English
出版社：OCR Subscription Services Inc
摘要：Background: Exposure to PM 2.5 arising from solid fuel combustion is estimated to result in ∼ 2.3 million premature deaths and 91 million lost disability-adjusted life years annually. Interventions attempting to mitigate this burden have had limited success in reducing exposures to levels thought to provide substantive health benefits. Objectives: This paper reports exposure reductions achieved by a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention for pregnant mothers in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial. Methods: The HAPIN trial included 3,195 households primarily using biomass for cooking in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Twenty-four-hour exposures to PM 2.5 , carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) were measured for pregnant women once before randomization into control ( n = 1,605 ) and LPG ( n = 1,590 ) arms and twice thereafter (aligned with trimester). Changes in exposure were estimated by directly comparing exposures between intervention and control arms and by using linear mixed-effect models to estimate the impact of the intervention on exposure levels. Results: Median postrandomization exposures of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m ( PM 2.5 ) in the intervention arm were lower by 66% at the first (71.5 vs. 24.1 μ g / m 3 ), and second follow-up visits (69.5 vs. 23.7 μ g / m 3 ) compared to controls. BC exposures were lower in the intervention arm by 72% (9.7 vs. 2.7 μ g / m 3 ) and 70% (9.6 vs. 2.8 μ g / m 3 ) at the first and second follow-up visits, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure was 82% lower at both visits (1.1 vs. 0.2 ppm ) in comparison with controls. Exposure reductions were consistent over time and were similar across research locations. Discussion: Postintervention PM 2.5 exposures in the intervention arm were at the lower end of what has been reported for LPG and other clean fuel interventions, with 69% of PM 2.5 samples falling below the World Health Organization Annual Interim Target 1 of 35 μ g / m 3 . This study indicates that an LPG intervention can reduce PM 2.5 exposures to levels at or below WHO targets. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10295