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标题：A theory of resistance to multiplexed gene drive demonstrates the significant role of weakly deleterious natural genetic variation
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作者：Bhavin S. Khatri ; Austin Burt
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2022
卷号：119
期号：32
DOI：10.1073/pnas.2200567119
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Significance CRISPR-based gene drives have the potential for controlling natural populations of disease vectors, such as malaria-carrying mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa. If successful, they hold promise of significantly reducing the burden of disease and death from malaria and many other vector-borne diseases. A significant challenge to success is the evolution of resistance. Here, we develop a theory of resistance for multiplexed drive, which shows the importance of weakly deleterious naturally occurring genetic variation, whose effect is significantly amplified compared to de novo mutation. These results provide a fundamental basis to estimate how many guide RNAs are required to prevent resistance in the face of natural genetic variation. Evolution of resistance is a major barrier to successful deployment of gene-drive systems to suppress natural populations, which could greatly reduce the burden of many vector-borne diseases. Multiplexed guide RNAs (gRNAs) that require resistance mutations in all target cut sites are a promising antiresistance strategy since, in principle, resistance would only arise in unrealistically large populations. Using stochastic simulations that accurately model evolution at very large population sizes, we explore the probability of resistance due to three important mechanisms: 1) nonhomologous end-joining mutations, 2) single-nucleotide mutants arising de novo, or 3) single-nucleotide polymorphisms preexisting as standing variation. Our results explore the relative importance of these mechanisms and highlight a complexity of the mutation–selection–drift balance between haplotypes with complete resistance and those with an incomplete number of resistant alleles. We find that this leads to a phenomenon where weakly deleterious naturally occurring variants greatly amplify the probability of multisite resistance compared to de novo mutation. This key result provides design criterion for antiresistance multiplexed systems, which, in general, will need a larger number of gRNAs compared to de novo expectations. This theory may have wider application to the evolution of resistance or evolutionary rescue when multiple changes are required before selection can act.
关键词：engene driveresistancemultisite resistancestanding variationpopulation rescue