文章基本信息

标题：Water quality index prediction with hybridized ELM and Gaussian process regression
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作者：Kok Poh Wai ; Chai Hoon Koo ; Yuk Feng Huang 等
期刊名称：E3S Web of Conferences
印刷版ISSN：2267-1242
电子版ISSN：2267-1242
出版年度：2022
卷号：347
页码：1-10
DOI：10.1051/e3sconf/202234704004
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：The Department of Environment (DOE) of Malaysia evaluates river water quality based on the water quality index (WQI), which is a single number function that considers six parameters for its determination, namely the ammonia nitrogen (AN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and suspended solids (SS). The conventional WQI calculation is tedious and requires all parameter values in computing the final WQI. In this study, the extreme learning machine (ELM) and the radial basis function kernel Gaussian process regression (GPR), were enhanced with bootstrap aggregating (bagging) and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) for the WQI prediction at the Klang River, Malaysia. The global performance indicator (GPI) was used to evaluate the models’ performance. By preparing different input combinations for the WQI prediction, the parameter importance was found in following order: DO > COD > SS > AN > BOD > pH, and all models demonstrated lower prediction accuracy with a lesser number of parameter inputs. The GPR revealed a consistent trend with higher WQI prediction accuracy than ELM. The Adaboost-ELM works better than the bagged-ELM for all input combinations, while the bagging algorithm improved the GPR prediction under certain scenarios. The bagged-GPR reported the highest GPI of 1.86 for WQI prediction using all six parameter inputs.