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标题：Potent Cytotoxic Effects of Novel Retinamide Derivatives in Ovarian Cancer Cells
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作者：Soo-Jong Um ; Hong-Sig Sin ; Hye-Sook Han 等
期刊名称：Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
印刷版ISSN：0918-6158
电子版ISSN：1347-5215
出版年度：2003
卷号：26
期号：10
页码：1412-1417
DOI：10.1248/bpb.26.1412
出版社：The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
摘要：4-( N -Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (also known as 4-HPR or fenretinide), a synthetic amide of all- trans retinoic acid (RA), has been implicated as a promising anticancer agent associated with reducing the toxicity related to RA. However, the low plasma levels of 4-HPR in patients limited clinical trials, leading to a search for derivatives with better efficacy. In this study, we synthesized a series of 4-HPR derivatives in good yields by introducing acetate (compound 1), propionate (2), pyruvate (3), butyrate (4), or stearate (5) to the 4-hydroxylphenyl moiety of 4-HPR. In our initial proliferation assays, we identified compound 3 as the most cytotoxic of the series against four ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, PA-1, 2774, and SKOV-3). Dose–response curves yielded IC₅₀ values of 3.75—7.75 μ M for AtRA, 2.80—5.50 μ M for 9- cis RA, 0.65—4.05 μ M for 4-HPR, and 0.25—0.75 μ M for compound 3, depending on the cell type treated. Nuclear staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and DNA fragmentation assays clearly indicated that the antiproliferative effect of compound 3 was mediated by apoptosis. In contrast to natural retinoids, both 4-HPR and compound 3 activated two (RARβ and RARγ) of the three retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes tested, but did not activate any of the three retinoid X receptors (RXRs), as determined by transcription assays in OVCAR-3 cells. However, like natural retinoids, 4-HPR and compound 3 actively suppressed c-Jun transcriptional activity. Thus, compound 3 not only showed more potent antiproliferative activity than any other retinoid derivatives tested, but also effectively inhibited the c-Jun activity that has been implicated in tumor promotion and invasion. These results, together with compound 3's selectivity for RAR subtypes, suggest that compound 3 could be an effective anticancer drug for ovarian cancer, with less toxicity than RA.
关键词：retinamide derivative;4-HPR;RAR;c-Jun;ovarian cancer;apoptosis