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标题：Ursolic acid improves the indoxyl sulfate-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells
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作者：Yutaro Sasaki ; Akiko Kojima-Yuasa ; Hinako Tadano 等
期刊名称：Nutrition Research and Practice
印刷版ISSN：1976-1457
出版年度：2022
卷号：16
期号：2
页码：147-160
DOI：10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.147
语种：English
出版社：KoreaMed Synapse
摘要：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high concentration of uremic toxins in their blood and often experience muscle atrophy. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin produced by tryptophan metabolism. Although an elevated IS level may induce muscle dysfunction, the effect of IS on physiological concentration has not been elucidated. Additionally, the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on muscle hypertrophy have been reported in healthy models; however, it is unclear whether UA ameliorates muscle dysfunction associated with chronic diseases, such as CKD. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether UA can improve the IS-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS C2C12 cells were incubated with or without IS (0.1 mM) and UA (1 or 2 µM) to elucidate the physiological effect of UA on CKD-related mitochondrial dysfunction and its related mechanisms using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IS suppressed the expression of differentiation marker genes without decreasing cell viability. IS decreased the mitochondrial DNA copy number and ATP levels by downregulating the genes pertaining to mitochondrial biogenesis ( Ppargc1a, Nrf1, Tfam, Sirt1, and Mef2c), fusion ( Mfn1 and Mfn2), oxidative phosphorylation ( Cycs and Atp5b), and fatty acid oxidation ( Pdk4, Acadm, Cpt1b, and Cd36). Furthermore, IS increased the intracellular mRNA and secretory protein levels of interleukin (IL)-6. Finally, UA ameliorated the IS-induced impairment in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that UA improves the IS-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by affecting differentiation, ATP levels, and IL-6 secretion in C2C12 cells. Therefore, UA could be a novel therapeutic agent for CKD-induced muscle dysfunction.
关键词：enChronic kidney diseaseindoxyl sulfateursolic acidmitochondrial biogenesis