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标题：Revisiting proboscidean phylogeny and evolution through total evidence and palaeogenetic analyses including Notiomastodon ancient DNA
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作者：Sina Baleka ; Luciano Varela ; P. Sebastián Tambusso 等
期刊名称：iScience
印刷版ISSN：2589-0042
出版年度：2022
卷号：25
期号：1
页码：1-20
DOI：10.1016/j.isci.2021.103559
语种：English
出版社：Elsevier
摘要：SummaryThe extinct Gomphotheriidae is the only proboscidean family that colonized South America. The phylogenetic position of the endemic taxa has been through several revisions using morphological comparisons. Morphological studies are enhanced by paleogenetic analyses, a powerful tool to resolve phylogenetic relationships; however, ancient DNA (aDNA) preservation decreases in warmer regions. Despite the poor preservation conditions for aDNA in humid, sub-tropical climates, we recovered ∼3,000 bp of mtDNA ofNotiomastodon platensisfrom the Arroyo del Vizcaíno site, Uruguay. Our calibrated phylogeny placesNotiomastodonas a sister taxon to Elephantidae, with a divergence time of ∼13.5 Ma. Additionally, a total evidence analysis combining morphological and paleogenetic data shows that the three most diverse clades within Proboscidea diverged during the early Miocene, coinciding with the formation of a land passage between Africa and Eurasia. Our results are a further step toward aDNA analyses on Pleistocene samples from subtropical regions and provide a framework for proboscidean evolution.Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•We assembled ∼3,000 bp of ancient DNA from a humid, sub-tropical environment•Phylogenetic analysis placesNotiomastodonas sister taxon to the Elephantidae•Middle Miocene divergence between the lineage ofNotiomastodonand the Elephantidae•We present a phylogenetic framework for future studies on proboscidean evolution