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标题：Phytic Acid and Whole Grains for Health Controversy
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作者：Fred Brouns ; Bahram H. Arjmandi
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2022
卷号：14
期号：1
DOI：10.3390/nu14010025
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Phytate (PA) serves as a phosphate storage molecule in cereals and other plant foods. In food and in the human body, PA has a high affinity to chelate Zn 2+ and Fe 2+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, K +, Mn 2+ and Cu 2+. As a consequence, minerals chelated in PA are not bio-available, which is a concern for public health in conditions of poor food availability and low mineral intakes, ultimately leading to an impaired micronutrient status, growth, development and increased mortality. For low-income countries this has resulted in communications on how to reduce the content of PA in food, by appropriate at home food processing. However, claims that a reduction in PA in food by processing per definition leads to a measurable improvement in mineral status and that the consumption of grains rich in PA impairs mineral status requires nuance. Frequently observed decreases of PA and increases in soluble minerals in in vitro food digestion (increased bio-accessibility) are used to promote food benefits. However, these do not necessarily translate into an increased bioavailability and mineral status in vivo. In vitro essays have limitations, such as the absence of blood flow, hormonal responses, neural regulation, gut epithelium associated factors and the presence of microbiota, which mutually influence the in vivo effects and should be considered. In Western countries, increased consumption of whole grain foods is associated with improved health outcomes, which does not justify advice to refrain from grain-based foods because they contain PA. The present commentary aims to clarify these seemingly controversial aspects.
关键词：enphytic acidphytatemineral bioavailabilitywhole grain