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标题：Species invasion progressively disrupts the trophic structure of native food webs
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作者：Charles A. Wainright ; Clint C. Muhlfeld ; James J. Elser 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2021
卷号：118
期号：45
DOI：10.1073/pnas.2102179118
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Significance Invasive species are a leading cause of biodiversity loss, yet the mechanisms by which invaders progressively disrupt ecosystems and native species remain unclear. Using an extensive isotope dataset across multiple ecosystems and stages of invasion, we show that an invasive fish predator (lake trout) disrupted food webs by forcing native fishes to feed on suboptimal food sources in different habitats, resulting in the functional extirpation of the native predator, threatened bull trout. Our results provide insights into the magnitude, direction, and timing of food web disruption from invasive species and will be important for predicting ecosystem consequences of species invasions. Species invasions can have substantial impacts on native species and ecosystems, with important consequences for biodiversity. How these disturbances drive changes in the trophic structure of native food webs through time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify trophic disruption in freshwater food webs to invasion by an apex fish predator, lake trout, using an extensive stable isotope dataset across a natural gradient of uninvaded and invaded lakes in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Lake trout invasion increased fish diet variability (trophic dispersion), displaced native fishes from their reference diets (trophic displacement), and reorganized macroinvertebrate communities, indicating strong food web disruption. Trophic dispersion was greatest 25 to 50 y after colonization and dissipated as food webs stabilized in later stages of invasion (>50 y). For the native apex predator, bull trout, trophic dispersion preceded trophic displacement, leading to their functional loss in late-invasion food webs. Our results demonstrate how invasive species progressively disrupt native food webs via trophic dispersion and displacement, ultimately yielding biological communities strongly divergent from those in uninvaded ecosystems.
关键词：food web; invasive species; stable isotope; lake trout; bull trout