摘要:The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unknown but is considered to be an interplay of environmental exposures and genetic predisposition (van Es et al. 2017). Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between ambient air pollution and ALS. We previously reported an increased risk of developing ALS for long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in a Dutch case–control study (917 cases and 2,662 controls) (Seelen et al. 2017). Increased knowledge about the possible associations between particulate matter (PM) and its constituents and ALS will provide additional insight into the potential pathophysiology of ALS. We aimed to extend on our previous analyses by including 2,081 more cases and controls and by extending the exposure assessment to a broader range of air pollutants [ultrafine particles (PM≤0.1μm in aerodynamic diameter or UFPs), PM elemental components, and oxidative potentials (OPs)].