文章基本信息

标题：Social and Mental Health Impact of Nuclear Disaster in Survivors: A Narrative Review
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作者：Caley Longmuir ; Vincent I. O. Agyapong ; Gianluca Serafini 等
期刊名称：Behavioral Sciences
电子版ISSN：2076-328X
出版年度：2021
卷号：11
期号：8
DOI：10.3390/bs11080113
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：This narrative review synthesizes the literature on the psychological consequences of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident of 1979, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986, and the Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011. A search was conducted on OVID for studies in English from 1966 to 2020. Fifty-nine studies were included. Living through a nuclear disaster is associated with higher levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Decontamination workers, those living in closest proximity to the reactor, and evacuees experience higher rates of mental health problems after a nuclear disaster. Those with greater psychological resilience and social supports experience lower rates of psychological distress. Individual-level interventions, such as mindfulness training, behavioral activation, and cognitive reappraisal training, have shown modest benefits on improving psychological wellbeing. At the population level, many of the measures in place aimed at reducing exposure to radiation actually increase individuals’ anxiety. Technology-based supports have been studied in other types of natural disasters and it may be beneficial to look at mobile-based interventions for future nuclear disasters.
关键词：enradioactive hazard release;nuclear disaster;anxiety;depression;post-traumatic stress disorder;psychological resilience;community mental health services;health policy;post-disaster interventions