摘要:A spacecraft immersed in an energetic plasma environment can experience significant charging. Typically driven by electrons with energies between a few tens of eV to ~100 keV, the charge can build up externally and, depending onsurface properties, produce potential differences ofnear the ambientelectrontemperature (~100 V to 10 kV). At higher energies, electrons between 100 keV and ~10 MeV can penetrate a typical spacecraft surface and deposit charge internally on isolated conductors or in dielectrics. Again, the buildup of this charge can lead to large potential differences. Ultimately potential differences on or internal to the spacecraft can lead to arc discharges and other deleterious effects. Spacecraft charging/arcing is recognized as one of the main concerns for designing survivable spacecraft.