摘要:Growing freight volumes contribute to negative impacts on the environment and social aspects. In South Africa, an overreliance on road freight transportation systems (RFTS) over alternative modes of transport puts a further strain on the RFTS. Hence, there was a need to develop a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) sustainability assessment framework. The framework development was guided by a multistage process: Firstly, Identifying Constructs and Variables relevant to the study. Secondly, Developing the M&E Framework included defining sustainability in the transport sector, using themes emerging from an operational definition and South Africa’s vision for transport sustainability. Thirdly, Soliciting inputs and measures were utilized in developing the framework. Finally, the Validity and Reliability of the framework was tested. This study developed an M&E framework, which affords organizations a balanced mechanism for tracking inputs towards transport system sustainability, facilitating infrastructure decision-making and driving RFTS sustainability. As road freight transport contributes the most towards environmental unsustainability of the sector, this mode also holds the greatest opportunity to reduce its impact. The M&E framework will enable role-players to plan, execute, and monitor their RFTS interventions in a balanced way.