文章基本信息

标题：北海道江差町の厚沢部川河口域における飛砂害史
本地全文：下载
作者：真坂一彦 ; 三上千代蔵
期刊名称：日本森林学会誌
印刷版ISSN：1349-8509
电子版ISSN：1882-398X
出版年度：2017
卷号：99
期号：2
页码：61-69
DOI：10.4005/jjfs.99.61
语种：Japanese
出版社：The Japanese Forest Society
摘要：北海道江差町における柳崎集落の飛砂害史について整理し，既往の郷土史について考証した.現在見られる砂坂海岸林は，かつて柳崎集落があった場所に造成されたものだが，柳崎は明治初期の海岸林の濫伐に端を発する飛砂害で厚沢部川対岸に集団移転したとされる.しかし，幕末の探検家松浦武四郎が記録した光景は樹木のない海浜草地であった.柳崎の海浜部である浜中は古くから馬の放牧地として使われ，多数の馬が飼育されていた.近隣では過放牧による草地の荒廃事例が複数あった.これらの事実から，飛砂の発生は海岸林の濫伐ではなく，過放牧が原因と推察された.飛砂は冬季に学童の通学を脅かし，また春は水田に堆積した砂の除去に子供たちが駆り出された.もともと冬季に河口閉塞が生じやすい厚沢部川河口は，氾濫防止のため江戸時代から水戸切りと呼ばれる新河口（水戸口）の開削が行われていたが，おそらく海岸林が成林するとともに飛砂が鎮まったことで，水戸口の開削頻度が減った.水戸切り，水戸口はどの史料にもなく，高齢者からの聞き取り調査で明らかになった.
其他摘要：Sunasaka coastal forest was established at the place where once Yanagisaki Village had existed. People in Yanagisaki had been forced to move to the opposite side of Assabu River because of a sand drift disaster. The disaster was considered to be caused by overcutting of the natural coastal forest early in the Meiji period. But Takeshiro Matsuura, the explorer in the late Edo period, recorded that the coast was mainly covered by herbaceous plants with no trees. Hamanaka, the foreshore of Yanagisaki, had long been used as pasture and many horses had been kept there. There were some cases of denudation caused by overgrazing around Hamanaka. These facts imply that the occurrence of the sand move was caused by overgrazing rather than overcutting. Blown sand during winter had threatened the students on the way to school, and many children had had to attend the work in spring to remove the accumulated sand from the paddy fields. Because the mouth of Assabu River tends to close during winter, a bypass channel has had to be excavated annually since the Edo period to prevent overflow. But the frequency decreased with the calming down of the sand move, presumably because of the establishment of the costal forest. We could not find information about the excavation in any historical records, but it become clear by conducting interviews with elderly.
关键词：砂坂海岸林;飛砂害;郷土史;過放牧;厚沢部川
其他关键词：Sunasaka coastal forest;sand drift disaster;local history;overgrazing;Assabu River