文章基本信息

标题：How Can the Governance of the French Clusters (P&#244;les de Compétitivité) Improve SME’s Competitiveness?
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作者：Martine Gadille ; Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay ; Alena Siarheyeva 等
期刊名称：Open Journal of Social Sciences
印刷版ISSN：2327-5952
电子版ISSN：2327-5960
出版年度：2021
卷号：9
期号：3
页码：118-146
DOI：10.4236/jss.2021.93008
语种：English
出版社：Scientific Research Publishing
摘要：This paper focuses on Pôles de compétitivité—the French competitiveness clusters (FCC)—which mobilize national and regional actors and resources for innovation. By reviewing the literature (academic, web and news articles, and official reports) published on the subject, the synthesis emphasizes a collective learning process leading to institutional change reflected by legitimation of SMEs as full-fledged innovation actor. Through reflexive governance of certain poles, centered on their own sustainability, the policy has produced learning at local and national level. It has generated knowledge that has brought transformation of operational tools and societal representations in support of innovation of SMEs. The originality of the article is to show that in the French societal context, new place dependencies within the Pôles are characterized by emergence of a new innovation model of SMEs mainly through collaboration with public research. This model differs from the innovation model of SMEs staying outside of the poles. It is built through intermediary organizations that offer regional filters for national and regional policy adaptation. A major limitation of the policy is the difficulty to enhance cooperation between innovative SMEs and leader firms in the territory mainly because of a lack of social regulation over the protection and share of knowledge assets. The paper contributes to the research on clusters in general.
关键词：Clusters;Competitiveness;Cooperation;SME;Knowledge;R&D;Innovation