文章基本信息

标题：Trade Openness and CO2 Emissions: The Heterogeneous and Mediating Effects for the Belt and Road Countries
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作者：Fuzhong Chen ; Guohai Jiang ; Getachew Magnar Kitila 等
期刊名称：Sustainability
印刷版ISSN：2071-1050
出版年度：2021
卷号：13
期号：4
页码：1958
DOI：10.3390/su13041958
语种：English
出版社：MDPI, Open Access Journal
摘要：To investigate whether increasing trade openness results in more severe environmental problems, this study investigates the impact of trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using panel data from 64 countries along the Belt and Road from 2001–2019. Fully considering the potential heterogeneity, the panel quantile regression approach is utilized. Moreover, this study explores the three major mediating effects of the process, namely the energy-substitution effect, economic effect, and technology effect. The empirical results indicate that the improvement in trade openness has a significantly positive effect on CO2 emissions, and it also shows that the impact varies with different levels of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the indirect effect of trade openness on CO2 emissions via the economic effect is positive, while the indirect effect via the energy-substitution and the technology effect is negative. Therefore, it is necessary to improve renewable energy consumption, decrease energy intensity, and formulate related policies to reduce carbon emissions policies in terms of local conditions.