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标题：Non-stationary extreme value analysis of ground snow loads in the French Alps a comparison with building standards
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作者：Le Roux, Erwan ; Evin, Guillaume ; Eckert, Nicolas 等
期刊名称：Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
电子版ISSN：2195-9269
出版年度：2020
卷号：20
期号：11
页码：2961-2977
DOI：10.5194/nhess-20-2961-2020
语种：English
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：In a context of climate change, trends in extreme snow loads need to be determined to minimize the risk of structure collapse.We study trends in 50-year return levels of ground snow load (GSL) using non-stationary extreme value models. These trends are assessed at a mountain massif scale from GSL data, provided for the French Alps from 1959 to 2019 by a meteorological reanalysis and a snowpack model.Our results indicate a temporal decrease in 50-year return levels from 900 to 4200 m, significant in the northwest of the French Alps up to 2100 m.We detect the most important decrease at 900 m with an average of −30 % for return levels between 1960 and 2010.Despite these decreases, in 2019 return levels still exceed return levels designed for French building standards under a stationary assumption.At worst (i.e. at 1800 m), return levels exceed standards by 15 % on average, and half of the massifs exceed standards.We believe that these exceedances are due to questionable assumptions concerning the computation of standards. For example, these were devised with GSL, estimated from snow depth maxima and constant snow density set to 150 kg m−3, which underestimate typical GSL values for the snowpack.