文章基本信息

标题：On Degeneracies in Retrievals of Exoplanetary Transmission Spectra
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作者：Luis Welbanks ; Nikku Madhusudhan
期刊名称：The Astronomical journal
印刷版ISSN：0004-6256
电子版ISSN：1538-3881
出版年度：2019
卷号：157
期号：5
页码：1-20
DOI：10.3847/1538-3881/ab14de
语种：English
出版社：American Institute of Physics
摘要：Accurate estimations of atmospheric properties of exoplanets from transmission spectra require the understanding of degeneracies between model parameters and observations that can resolve them. We conduct a systematic investigation of such degeneracies using a combination of detailed atmospheric retrievals and a range of model assumptions, focusing on H 2 -rich atmospheres. As a case study, we consider the well-studied hot Jupiter HD209458b. We perform extensive retrievals with models ranging from simple isothermal and isobaric atmospheres to those with full pressure–temperature profiles, inhomogeneous cloud/haze coverage, multiple- molecular species, and data in the optical–infrared wavelengths. Our study reveals four key insights. First, we find that a combination of models with minimal assumptions and broadband transmission spectra with current facilities allows precise estimates of chemical abundances. In particular, high-precision optical and infrared spectra, along with models including variable cloud coverage and prominent opacity sources, with Na and K being important in the optical, provide joint constraints on cloud/haze properties and chemical abundances. Second, we show that the degeneracy between planetary radius and its reference pressure is well characterized and has little effect on abundance estimates, contrary to previous claims using semi-analytic models. Third, collisio -induced absorption due to H 2 –H 2 and H 2 –He interactions plays a critical role in correctly estimating atmospheric abundances. Finally, our results highlight the inadequacy of simplified semi-analytic models with isobaric assumptions for reliable retrievals of transmission spectra. Transmission spectra obtained with current facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope and Very Large Telescope can provide strong constraints on atmospheric abundances of exoplanets.
关键词：methods: data analysis;planets and satellites: atmospheres;techniques: spectroscopic