文章基本信息

标题：Assessing transportation vulnerability to tsunamis: utilising post-event field data from the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami, Japan, and the 2015 Illapel tsunami, Chile
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作者：Williams, James H. ; Wilson, Thomas M. ; Horspool, Nick 等
期刊名称：Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
电子版ISSN：2195-9269
出版年度：2020
卷号：20
期号：2
页码：451-470
DOI：10.5194/nhess-20-451-2020
语种：English
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：Transportation infrastructure is crucial to the operationof society, particularly during post-event response and recovery.Transportation assets, such as roads and bridges, can be exposed to tsunamiimpacts when near the coast. Using fragility functions in an impactassessment identifies potential tsunami effects to inform decisions onpotential mitigation strategies. Such functions have not been available fortransportation assets exposed to tsunami hazard in the past due to limitedempirical datasets. This study provides a suite of observations on theinfluence of tsunami inundation depth, road-use type, culverts, inundationdistance, debris and coastal topography. Fragility functions are developedfor roads, considering inundation depth, road-use type, and coastaltopography and, for bridges, considering only inundation depth above deckbase height. Fragility functions are developed for roads and bridges throughcombined survey and remotely sensed data for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake andtsunami, Japan, and using post-event field survey data from the 2015 Illapelearthquake and tsunami, Chile. The fragility functions show a trend of lowertsunami vulnerability (through lower probabilities of reaching or exceedinga given damage level) for road-use categories of potentially higherconstruction standards. The topographic setting is also shown to affect thevulnerability of transportation assets in a tsunami, with coastal plainsseeing higher initial vulnerability in some instances (e.g. for state roadswith up to 5 m inundation depth) but with coastal valleys (in somelocations exceeding 30 m inundation depth) seeing higher asset vulnerabilityoverall. This study represents the first peer-reviewed example of empiricalroad and bridge fragility functions that consider a range of damage levels.This suite of synthesised functions is applicable to a variety of exposureand attribute types for use in global tsunami impact assessments to informresilience and mitigation strategies.