文章基本信息

标题：18-Year Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Night Light Trends in Indian Cities: Vulnerability Assessment
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作者：Rupali Pal ; Sourangsu Chowdhury ; Sagnik Dey 等
期刊名称：Aerosol and Air Quality Research
印刷版ISSN：1680-8584
出版年度：2018
卷号：18
期号：9
页码：2332-2342
DOI：10.4209/aaqr.2017.10.0425
语种：English
出版社：Chinese Association for Aerosol Research in Taiwan
摘要：Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is identified as one of the leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality in India. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure and its 18-year (1998–2015) trend in 109 Indian cities using satellite data and further classify them into six vulnerable classes (from index 1 for low vulnerability to index 6 for extreme vulnerability). PM2.5 exposure has shown a rapid increase in Delhi and the cities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Amongst the cities with a population of more than 0.5 million (as per the 2011 census), Thiruvananthapuram is the least vulnerable and Aligarh is the most vulnerable city based on 18-year statistics. Only 27 cities are identified as ‘low’ to ‘moderately’ vulnerable to ambient air pollution. The median incremental rate of the annual PM2.5 exposure has increased by 57.9% (from 0.9 to 1.15 µg m–3 per year) with the night-light counts (a proxy for urbanization rate) increasing from < 20th percentile to > 80th percentile. 51 out of the 60 Indian cities chosen for the ‘smart city’ mission are highly vulnerable to PM2.5 exposure (vulnerability index > 2) and thereby face challenges to achieve the core objective of the mission (i.e., a sustainable environment). Our results will facilitate prioritizing a clean-air action plan for the cities based on their vulnerability rankings to achieve the maximum health benefit for the exposed population.
关键词：PM2.5;Remote sensing;Indian city;Night light;Health-risk;Vulnerability