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标题：Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in male and female rats: A new method for exposure to ambient air pollution
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作者：Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi ; Abbas Shahsavani ; Fariba Khodagholi 等
期刊名称：MethodsX
印刷版ISSN：2215-0161
电子版ISSN：2215-0161
出版年度：2019
卷号：6
页码：690-703
DOI：10.1016/j.mex.2019.03.018
语种：English
出版社：Elsevier
摘要：Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedAbstractIn the previous studies regarding the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on biological markers and/or behavior of animals, the gaseous pollutants are not separated from the particulate matter (PM). Hence the synergetic effect of gaseous pollutants and PM was not considered. In this regard, current study was aimed to devolve a new method for separation of PM from gaseous pollutants. Also, the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in rats after 3 and 6 months were investigated. Three chambers were designed including exposure group 1 (PM2.5plus gaseous pollutants alone), exposure group 2 (gaseous pollutants alone) and control group (clean air). Exposure time was 5 h per day (9.00 a.m.–2.00 p.m.) for 4 days per week. The concentration of PM2.5and gaseous pollutants (O3, NO2, and SO2) were monitored in the exposure hours, continuously. Concentration of PM2.5by beta attenuation method and concentration of O3, NO2, and SO2by UV fluorescence was monitored. Also, the concentration of metals including Al, Cr, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, and Cu and 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound PM2.5by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) were analyzed, respectively. Cognitive-like behavior related to Alzheimer and depressive behaviors were determined by Y maze and Force swimming. The concentration of PM2.5in the 3 and 6 months exposure was higher than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The concentration of O3, NO2and SO2in the 3 and 6 months exposure was lower than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The order of metals in the PM2.5according to mean concentration Al > Ca > Cu > Cd > Na > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb. Also, the sum concentration of 16-PAHs in the PM2.5in the 3 and 6 months exposure was 45.7 ± 37.15 ng/m3and 30.04 ± 25.27 ng/m3, respectively. Exposure to PM2.5cannot significantly increase Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats. Also, a significant difference between male and female in Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors not observed.•A new method for separation of PM2.5from other PM in the ambient air by ECO-PM sampler was presented.•A new method for separation of PM2.5from gaseous pollutants in the ambient air by HEPA filter and active carbon was presented.•Tow exposure groups including exposure 1: PM2.5plus gaseous pollutants and exposure 2: gaseous pollutants only were designed for increased accuracy of the in-vivo study.•Exposure to PM2.5cannot cause significant increased Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats.
关键词：PM2.5;In-vivo model;Alzheimer;Depressive;Cognitive-like behaviors;Rats