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标题：THE IDENTIFICATION OF EXTREME ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS AND RED SUPERGIANTS IN M33 WITH 24 μm VARIABILITY
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作者：Edward J. Montiel ; Sundar Srinivasan ; Geoffrey C. Clayton 等
期刊名称：The Astronomical journal
印刷版ISSN：0004-6256
电子版ISSN：1538-3881
出版年度：2015
卷号：149
期号：2
DOI：10.1088/0004-6256/149/2/57
语种：English
出版社：American Institute of Physics
摘要：We present the first detection of 24 μm variability in 24 sources in the Local Group galaxy M33. These results are based on 4 epochs of Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer observations, which are irregularly spaced over days. We find that these sources are constrained exclusively to the Holmberg radius of the galaxy, which increases their chances of being members of M33. We have constructed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) ranging from the optical to the submillimeter to investigate the nature of these objects. We find that 23 of our objects are most likely heavily self-obscured, evolved stars, while the remaining source is the Giant H ii region, NGC 604. We believe that the observed variability is the intrinsic variability of the central star reprocessed through their circumstellar dust shells. Radiative transfer modeling was carried out to determine their likely chemical composition, luminosity, and dust production rate (DPR). As a sample, our modeling has determined an average luminosity of L⊙ and a total DPR of M⊙ . Most of the sources, given the high DPRs and short wavelength obscuration, are likely extreme asymptotic giant branch (XAGB) stars. Five of the sources are found to have luminosities above the classical AGB limit (Mbol <−7.1 mag, L > 54,000 L⊙), which classifies them as probable red supergiants (RSGs). Almost all of the sources are classified as oxygen-rich. As also seen in the LMC, a significant fraction of the dust in M33 is produced by a handful of XAGB and RSG stars.
关键词：galaxies: individual (M33);infrared: stars;stars: AGB and post-AGB;stars: variables: general;supergiants