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标题：Observational study of hydrocarbons in the bright photodissociation region of Messier 8 ★
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作者：M. Tiwari ; K. M. Menten ; F. Wyrowski 等
期刊名称：Astronomy & Astrophysics
印刷版ISSN：0004-6361
电子版ISSN：1432-0746
出版年度：2019
卷号：626
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/201834567
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：Aims.Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, but their formation is still not well understood, depending on the physical environment in which they are found. Messier 8 (M8) is host to one of the brightest H IIregions and photodissociation regions (PDRs) in our galaxy. With the observed C2H and c-C3H2data toward M8, we aim at obtaining their densities and abundances and to shed some light on their formation mechanism.Methods.Using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 m, and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescopes, we performed a line survey toward Herschel 36 (Her 36), which is the main ionizing stellar system in M8, and an imaging survey within 1.3 × 1.3 pc around Her 36 of various transitions of C2H and c-C3H2. We used both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE methods to determine the physical conditions of the emitting gas along with the column densities and abundances of the observed species, which we compared with (updated) gas-phase photochemical PDR models. In order to examine the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the formation of small hydrocarbons and to investigate their association with the H IIregion, the PDR and the molecular cloud, we compared archival Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) 8μm and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) 250μm continuum images with the C2H emission maps.Results.We observed a total of three rotational transitions of C2H with their hyperfine structure components and four rotational transitions of c-C3H2with ortho and para symmetries toward the H IIregion and the PDR of M8. Fragmentation of PAHs seems less likely to contribute to the formation of small hydrocarbons as the 8μm emission does not follow the distribution of C2H emission, which is more associated with the molecular cloud toward the north west of Her 36. From the quantitative analysis, we obtained abundances of ~10−8and 10−9for C2H and c-C3H2respectively, and volume densities of the hydrocarbon emitting gas in the rangen(H2) ~5 × 104–5 × 106cm−3.Conclusions.The observed column densities of C2H and c-C3H2are reproduced reasonably well by our PDR models. This supports the idea that in high-UV flux PDRs, gas-phase chemistry is sufficient to explain hydrocarbon abundances.
关键词：Key wordsenastrochemistryradiative transferISM: abundancesHII regionsphoton-dominated regionsubmillimeter: ISM