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标题：Super-Keplerian equatorial outflows in SS 433
其他标题：Centrifugal ejection of the circumbinary disk⋆
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作者：Idel Waisberg ; Jason Dexter ; Pierre-Olivier Petrucci 等
期刊名称：Astronomy & Astrophysics
印刷版ISSN：0004-6361
电子版ISSN：1432-0746
出版年度：2019
卷号：623
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/201834746
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：Context. The microquasar SS 433 is the only known steady supercritical accretor in the Galaxy. It is well-known for its relativistic baryonic jets, but the system also drives equatorial outflows. These have been routinely detected in radio images, and components associated with a circumbinary disk have also been suggested in optical emission lines.Aims. We aim to spatially resolve the regions producing the stationary emission lines of SS 433 to shed light on its circumbinary structure and outflows. With an estimated binary orbit size of ≲0.1 mas, this requires optical interferometry.Methods. We use the optical interferometer VLTI+GRAVITY to spatially resolve SS 433 in the near-infraredKband at high spectral resolution (R ≈ 4000) on three nights in July 2017. This is the second such observation, after the first one in July 2016.Results. The stationary Brγline in the 2017 observation is clearly dominated by an extended ∼1 mas ∼ 5 AU circumbinary structure perpendicular to the jets with a strong rotation component. The rotation direction is retrograde relative to the jet precession, in accordance with the slaved disk precession model. The structure has a very high specific angular momentum and is too extended to be a stable circumbinary disk in Keplerian rotation; interpreting it as such leads to a very high enclosed massM ≳ 400 M⊙. We instead interpret it as the centrifugal ejection of the circumbinary disk, with the implication that there must be an efficient transfer of specific angular momentum from the binary to the disk. We suggest that the equatorial outflows sometimes seen in radio images result from similar episodes of circumbinary disk centrifugal ejection. In addition to the equatorial structure, we find a very extended ∼6 mas ∼ 30 AU spherical wind component to the Brγline: the entire binary is engulfed in an optically thin spherical line emission envelope.
关键词：entechniques: interferometricbinaries: closecircumstellar matterstars: windsoutflowsinfrared: stars