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标题：Lack of high-mass pre-stellar cores in the starless MDCs of NGC 6334 ★
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作者：F. Louvet ; S. Neupane ; G. Garay 等
期刊名称：Astronomy & Astrophysics
印刷版ISSN：0004-6361
电子版ISSN：1432-0746
出版年度：2019
卷号：622
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/201732282
语种：English
出版社：EDP Sciences
摘要：Context.The formation of high-mass stars remains unknown in many aspects. There are two competing families of models to explain the formation of high-mass stars. On the one hand, quasi-static models predict the existence of high-mass pre-stellar cores sustained by a high degree of turbulence. On the other hand, competitive accretion models predict that high-mass proto-stellar cores evolve from low or intermediate mass proto-stellar cores in dynamic environments.Aims.The aim of the present work is to bring observational constraints at the scale of high-mass cores (~0.03 pc).Methods.We targeted with ALMA and MOPRA a sample of nine starless massive dense cores (MDCs) discovered in a recentHerschel/HOBYS study. Their mass and size (~110M⊙andr= 0.1 pc, respectively) are similar to the initial conditions used in the quasi-static family of models explaining for the formation of high-mass stars. We present ALMA 1.4 mm continuum observations that resolve the Jeans length (λJeans~ 0.03 pc) and that are sensitive to the Jeans mass (MJeans~ 0.65M⊙) in the nine starless MDCs, together with ALMA-12CO(2–1) emission line observations. We also present HCO+(1–0), H13CO+(1–0) and N2H+(1–0) molecular lines from the MOPRA telescope for eight of the nine MDCs.Results.The nine starless MDCs have the mass reservoir to form high-mass stars according to the criteria byBaldeschi et al. (2017). Three of the starless MDCs are subvirialized withαvir~ 0.35, and four MDCs show sign of collapse from their molecular emission lines. ALMA observations show very little fragmentation within the MDCs. Only two of the starless MDCs host compact continuum sources, whose fluxes correspond to <3M⊙fragments. Therefore, the mass reservoir of the MDCs has not yet been accreted onto compact objects, and most of the emission is filtered out by the interferometer.Conclusions.These observations do not support the quasi-static models for high-mass star formation since no high-mass pre-stellar core is found in NGC 6334. The competitive accretion models, on the other hand, predict a level of fragmentation much higher than what we observe.
关键词：Key wordsenstars: formationstars: massiveISM: cloudsISM: structuremethods: observationaltechniques: interferometric