摘要:AbstractThis study tested measurement invariance in a quality rating causal model in tutorial-based assessment across groups of raters. A total of 120 problem-based learning (PBL) groups were obtained from five public Thai universities. Each PBL group was composed of a tutor-, a peer-, and a self-rater. The measures consisted of a set of questionnaires for raters and a tutorial-based assessment form. Data consisted of two latent variables: a rater context and a quality rating with eight observed variables. Measurement invariance analyses demonstrated invariance of model form across three rater groups, but the model was not invariance of factor loadings.